This study aimed to investigate the potential to enhance the synthesis of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) by utilizing the β-Galactosidase enzyme (GAL) in conjunction with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (SCs). The approach involved immobilizing yeast cells via encapsulation and adsorption onto a dual-layered polystyrene/functionalized graphene oxide using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The evaluation of the two immobilization techniques-adsorption and encapsulation- on their impacts on enzyme and yeast cell efficiency, structural properties, and catalytic performance. The findings revealed that the adsorption method achieved a significantly high yeast immobilization yield (99%) and enhanced enzyme immobilization yield (up to 97%). Structural analyses by XRD, FTIR, and SEM demonstrated that immobilization via adsorption had a negligible impact on the crystalline structure and morphology of fibers and yeast cells. The immobilized GAL in adsorbed yeast fibers demonstrated exceptional stability under diverse temperature and pH conditions. The integration of immobilized GAL into yeast-free fibers for GOS synthesis in stage 1, followed by the use of immobilized GAL into adsorbed yeast fibers in the subsequent stage 2, effectively removed monosaccharide, resulting in a notable GOS yield of 67% with minimal monosaccharide contamination. This research underscores the promise of immobilized yeast nanomaterials for effective and scalable production of GOSs.

• PMID: 41577268
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Journal Article

Authors

Chenafa A, Gu Y, Zhu Y

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