Enhancing the nutritional and sensory qualities of microbial single-cell proteins (SCPs) requires strategies to increase heme content in edible microorganisms. We adapted the Growth-Acceleration Targeting Evolution (GATE) platform, initially developed in Corynebacterium glutamicum, for use in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By engineering a plasmid that connects the heme-responsive CYC1 promoter to the growth-promoting PTH1 gene, we established a feedback loop that links intracellular heme levels to accelerated cell proliferation. After 100 h of continuous culture under growth-selective pressure, we cured out the plasmid to isolate an Evol-GATE strain. Compared to the parental type, Evol-GATE displayed a five-fold increase in intracellular heme, a slight reduction in biomass, and coordinated upregulation of the heme biosynthetic pathway. Transcriptome analysis confirmed increased expression of heme biosynthesis and associated respiratory genes in Evol-GATE. Whole-genome sequencing revealed only a small number of dispersed variants, and no residual plasmid sequences, supporting its classification as a non-GMO mutant. Our results demonstrate that GATE can effectively select yeast mutants with significantly improved heme productivity, providing a promising approach to develop non-GMO SCPs enriched in heme for next-generation meat analogues.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | File | Description |
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