This communication reports the generation of an electrostatic probe using chemical modification of methionine side chains. The alkylation of methionine by iodoacetamide was achieved in a set of Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1-cytochrome c mutants, introducing the nontitratable, nondelocalized positive charge of a carboxyamidomethylmethionine sulfonium (CAMMS) ion at five surface and one buried site in the protein. Changes in redox potential and its variation with temperature were used to calculate microscopic effective dielectric constants operating between the probe and the heme iron. Dielectric constants (epsilon) derived from deltadeltaG values were not useful due to entropic effects, but epsilon(deltadeltaH) gave results that supported the theory. The effect on biological activity of surface derivatization was interpreted in terms of protein-protein interactions. The introduction of an electrostatic probe in cytochrome c often resulted in marked effects on activity with one of two physiological partners: cytochrome c reductase, especially if introduced at position 65, and cytochrome c oxidase, if at position 28.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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