• Reference Type: Journal Article | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
  Lopez-Girona A, et al. (1999) Nuclear localization of Cdc25 is regulated by DNA damage and a 14-3-3 protein. Nature 397(6715):172-5 PMID: 9923681
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  • PubMed

  DNA damage activates a cell-cycle checkpoint that prevents mitosis while DNA repair is under way. The protein Chk1 enforces this checkpoint by phosphorylating the mitotic inducer Cdc25. Phosphorylation of Cdc25 by Chk1 creates a binding site in Cdc25 for 14-3-3 proteins, but it is not known how 14-3-3 proteins regulate Cdc25. Rad24 is a 14-3-3 protein that is important in the DNA-damage checkpoint in fission yeast. Here we show that Rad24 controls the intracellular distribution of Cdc25. Elimination of Rad24 causes nuclear accumulation of Cdc25. Activation of the DNA-damage checkpoint causes the net nuclear export of Cdc25 by a process that requires Chk1, Rad24 and nuclear-export machinery. Mutation of a putative nuclear-export signal in Rad24 impairs the nuclear exclusion of Rad24, the damage-induced nuclear export of Cdc25 and the damage checkpoint. Thus, Rad24 appears to function as an attachable nuclear-export signal that enhances the nuclear export of Cdc25 in response to DNA damage.

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