Phagophore closure is a critical step during macroautophagy. However, the proteins and mechanisms to regulate this step have been elusive for a long time. In 2017, Rab5 was affirmed to play a role in phagophore closure in yeast. Furthermore, in mammalian cells, ESCRT III was reported to have roles in phagophore closure and mitophagosome closure in vivo in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The role of ESCRT in phagophore closure was confirmed in yeast, both in vivo and in vitro, in 2019. Most importantly, the latter paper found that Atg17 recruited the ESCRT III subunit Snf7 to the phagophore to close it under the control of Rab5. To determine the closure characteristics of autophagosome-like membrane structures in ESCRT mutants, a traditional protease protection assay with immunoblotting was used, accompanied by new techniques that were developed, including immunofluorescence assays, autophagosome completion assays, and the optogenetic closure assay. This study delivered our current understanding of phagophore closure and provided more reference methods to detect membrane closure.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Increase the total number of rows showing on this page by using the pull-down located below the table, or use the page scroll at the table's top right to browse through the table's pages; use the arrows to the right of a column header to sort by that column; filter the table using the "Filter" box at the top of the table; click on the small "i" buttons located within a cell for an annotation to view further details about experiment type and any other genes involved in the interaction.
| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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