In this study, the long-acting mechanism of reactive species was investigated for enhanced ethanol production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results indicated that short-lifetime active species from gas phase plasma dissolved into various liquid microenvironments with different media (water, buffer, medium, and cells), forming different types and amounts of reactive species in multi-scale microenvironments, such as extracellular reactive nitrogen species, endocellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The sustained elevation of cytoplasm calcium concentration with treatment time depended on the activated calcium channels of Cch1p/Mid1p in cell membrane and Yvc1p in vacuole membrane by these species. Accordingly, the Ca2+ increase promoted the H+-ATPase expression. Consequently, 75.6% ATP hydrolysis induced about 5 fold NADH increase compared with the control. Ultimately, the bioethanol yield increased by 34.2% compared to the control. These results promote the development of atmospheric cold plasma as a promising bio-process enhancement technology for improved target product yields of microbes in fermentation industry.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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