The redox state of mitochondria is determined by the levels of reducing and oxidizing species in the organelle, which reflects mitochondrial metabolic activity and overall fitness. Mitochondria are also the primary endogenous source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This chapter describes methods to measure the mitochondrial superoxide levels and the redox state of the organelle in mammalian cells and yeast. We describe the use of dihydroethidium (DHE) and MitoSOX (a derivative of dihydroethidium bound to a lipophilic cation) to detect mitochondrial superoxide in yeast and mammalian cells, respectively. We also describe the use of genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors for quantitative analysis of mitochondrial NADPH levels (iNap) in mammalian cells and mitochondrial redox state (mito-roGFP) in yeast.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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