Copper-induced metallothionein (MT) synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated in order to associate this exclusively with Cu2+ in vivo, when cultured in nutrient medium containing other heavy metal ions. Expression of the CUP1 promoter/lacZ fusion gene was inhibited by all heavy metal ions tested, especially Cd2+ and Mn2+. By adding Cd2+ and Mn2+ at 10 microM concentration, the beta-galactosidase activity decreased by about 80% and 50% of the maximum induction observed with 1 mM CuSO4, respectively. Furthermore, cell growth was markedly inhibited by combinations of 1 mM-Cu2+ and 1 microM-Cd2+. Therefore, the yeast S. cerevisiae could not rely on MT synthesis as one of the copper-resistance mechanisms, when grown in a Cd2+ environment. In contrast, the presence of Mn2+ in the nutrient medium showed alleviation rather than growth inhibition by high concentrations of Cu2+. The recovery from growth inhibition by Mn2+ was due to decreased Cu2+ accumulation. Inhibitory concentrations of Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ on expression of the CUP1p/lacZ fusion gene were at least one order of magnitude higher than that of Cd2+ and Mn2+. These results are discussed in relation to Cu2+ transport and Cu-induced MT synthesis in the copper-resistance mechanism of the yeast S. cerevisiae.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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