Although the yeast response to low temperature has industrial significance for baking, lager brewing and white wine fermentation, the molecular response of yeast cells to low temperature remains poorly characterised. Transcriptional changes were quantified in a commercial wine yeast, Enoferm M2, fermented at optimal (25 °C) and low temperature (12.5 °C), at two time points during fermentation of Sauvignon blanc grape juice. The transition from early to mid-late fermentation was notably less severe in the cold than at 25 °C, and the Rim15p-Gis1p pathway was involved in effecting this transition. Genes for three key nutrients were strongly influenced by low temperature fermentation: nitrogen, sulfur and iron/copper, along with changes in the cell wall and stress response. Transcriptional analyses during wine fermentation at 12.5 °C in four F1 hybrids of M2 also highlighted the importance of genes involved in nutrient utilisation and the stress response. We identified transcription factors that may be important for these differences between genetic backgrounds. Since low fermentation temperatures cause fundamental changes in membrane kinetics and cellular metabolism, an understanding of the physiological and genetic limitations on cellular performance will assist breeding of improved industrial strains.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | File | Description |
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