Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the behaviour of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to extracellular methylglyoxal.
Methods and results: Cell survival to methylglyoxal and the importance of phosphates was investigated. The role of methylglyoxal detoxification systems and methylglyoxal-derived protein glycation were studied and the relation to cell survival or death was evaluated. Extracellular methylglyoxal decreased cell viability, and the presence of phosphate enhanced this effect. D-glucose seems to exert a protective effect towards this toxicity. Methylglyoxal-induced cell death was not apoptotic and was not related to intracellular glycation processes. The glyoxalases and aldose reductase were important in methylglyoxal detoxification. Mutants lacking glyoxalase I and II showed increased sensitivity to methylglyoxal, while strains overexpressing these genes had increased resistance.
Conclusions: Extracellular methylglyoxal induced non-apoptotic cell death, being unrelated to glycation. Inactivation of methylglyoxal-detoxifying enzymes by phosphate is one probable cause. Phosphate and D-glucose may also act through their complex involvement in stress response mechanisms.
Significance and impact of the study: These findings contribute to elucidate the mechanisms of cell toxicity by methylglyoxal. This information could be useful to on-going studies using yeast as a eukaryotic cell model to investigate methylglyoxal-derived glycation and its role in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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