Resistance to stannous chloride (SnCl(2)) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a product of several metabolic pathways of this unicellular eukaryote. Sensitivity testing of different null mutants of yeast to SnCl(2) revealed that DNA repair contributes to resistance, mainly via recombinational (Rad52p) and error-prone (Rev3p) steps. Independently, the membrane transporter Atr1p/Snq1p (facilitated transport) contributed significantly to Sn(2+)-resistance whereas absence of ABC export permease Snq2p did not enhance sensitivity. Sensitivity of the superoxide dismutase mutants sod1 and sod2 revealed the importance of these anti-oxidative defence enzymes against Sn(2+)-imposed DNA damage while a catalase-deficient mutant (ctt1) showed wild type (WT) resistance. Lack of transcription factor Yap1, responsible for the oxidative stress response in yeast, led to 3-fold increase in Sn(2+)-sensitivity. While loss of mitochondrial DNA did not change the Sn(2+)-resistance phenotype in any yeast strain, cells with defect cytochrome c oxidase (CcO mutants) showed gradually enhanced sensitivities to Sn(2+) and different spontaneous mutation rates. Highest sensitivity to Sn(2+) was observed when yeast was in exponential growth phase under glucose repression. During diauxic shift (release from glucose repression) Sn(2+)-resistance increased several hundred-fold and fully respiring and resting cells were sensitive only at more than 1000-fold exposure dose, i.e. they survived better at 25 mM than exponentially growing cells at 25 microM Sn(2+). This phenomenon was observed not only in WT but also in already Sn(2+)-sensitive rad52 as well as in sod1, sod2 and CcO mutant strains. The impact of metabolic steps in contribution to Sn(2+)-resistance had the following ranking: Resting WT cells > membrane transporter Snq1p > superoxide dismutases > transcription factor Yap1p >or= DNA repair >> exponentially growing WT cells.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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