For the investigation of the metabolic regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under different culture conditions, the proteins of cell utilizing various carbon sources were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients as the first dimension and SDS-PAGE as the second. Samples were taken in the log phase of batch culture using glucose or lactic acid as carbon source, while another sample was taken from the broth when glucose was consumed up and ethanol accumulated in the previous phase was further metabolized. After electrophoresis, the protein spots were detected by silver-stain in a Hoefer Automated Gel Stainer with a protein silver staining kit. Silver-stained gels were scanned and digitized to create computer images. About 500 protein spots were detected by employing the 2D proteome image analysis system Image Master 2D Elite and SWISS-2DPAGE proteome database. Most of the protein expressed and involved in the glycolysis, pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, anaplerotic pathway, as well as TCA cycle were analyzed. The metabolism regulation of protein level for Saccharomyces cerevisiae under various carbon sources, as well as during different phase of growth, was studied. The expression of several glycolytic enzymes (glk, pgi, pgk, eno, pyk) was up-regulated while the expression of enzymes in oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (zwf, gnd) was down-regulated when ethanol and lactic acid were taken as carbon source. Simultaneously, frucotose 1,6-biphosphatase was found to be up-regulated due to the gluconeogenic requirement. Citrate synthase and Malate dehydrogenase do not exhibit significant difference, indicating TCA cycle is necessary when utilizing glucose, ethanol or lactic acid as carbon source. Thus, the NADPH loss due to the repressed pentose phosphate pathway could be compensated by TCA cycle in cases of ethanol and lactic acid. The expression of malic enzyme and isocitrate lyase are activated to a large extent when metabolizing ethanol, indicating glyoxylate shunt is essential in transferring ethanol to generate four carbon precursors for the biosynthesis and the NADP-dependent malic enzyme could also serve as compensation mechanism for NADPH loss in this case.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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