Evidence has emerged over the past few years that plants, like animals and fungi, employ a variety of polypeptides as tags to reversibly or irreversibly affect the function, structure, location, and/or turnover of numerous intracellular proteins. In plants, known polypeptide tags include ubiquitin, SUMO, RUB, and APG12, with the possibility of others. These modifiers are typically added post-translationally using individual sets of conjugase pathways that attach the polypeptides via an isopeptide bond to epsilon-lysyl amino group(s) in the targets. Often the tags can be removed subsequently by unique proteases that specifically cleave only the isopeptide bond. Examples also exist where the tag is added during translation upon fusion of the coding sequence of the tag with that of the target. Based on the number and diversity of targets, ubiquitin is the most influential modifier which mainly serves as a reusable signal for selective protein degradation by the 26S proteasome. In contrast, SUMO, RUB and APG12 become attached to a more limited number of targets and appear to have specialized functions, including roles in nuclear pore assembly/function, cell-cycle regulation, and lysosomal/vacuole trafficking, respectively. Based on their widespread occurrence in plants and their pervasive role in various biological processes, polypeptide tags likely play a prominent role in plant cell regulation.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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