This review summarizes findings on a new family of small cytoplasmic proteins called copper chaperones. The copper chaperones bind and deliver copper ions to intracellular compartments and insert the copper into the active sites of specific partners, copper-dependent enzymes. Three types of copper chaperones have been found in eukaryotes. Their three-dimensional structures have been determined, intracellular target proteins identified, and mechanisms of action have been revealed. The Atx1 copper chaperone binds Cu(I) and interacts directly with the copper-binding domains of a P-type ATPase copper transporter, its physiological partner. The copper chaperone CCS delivers Cu(I) to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase 1. Cox17 and Cox11 proteins serve as copper chaperones for cytochrome c oxidase, a copper-dependent enzyme.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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