A search was made for genes that confer resistance to methylmercury in yeast using a genomic DNA library derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The genomic library was introduced into yeast and transformants that grew in the presence of a normally toxic concentration of methylmercury were selected. We sequenced the genomic DNA fragment in the plasmid from the clone with the highest resistance to methylmercury and analyzed the sequence for presence of an open reading frame that might confer resistance to methylmercury. We identified a gene, CDC34 (also known as UBC3), that increased resistance to methylmercury when overexpressed in yeast. CDC34 encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; such proteins play important roles in the selective targeting of proteins for degradation. Overexpression of UBC4 and of UBC7, two other genes for ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, also conferred resistance to methylmercury. Yeast strains transformed with the CDC34 gene were resistant not only to methylmercury but also to mercuric chloride and p-chloromercuribenzoate. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that overexpression of genes for ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes confers resistance to xenobiotics. Our results suggest that ubiquitination system might be involved in protection against the toxicity of mercury compounds, such as methylmercury, in eukaryotic cells.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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