Protein prenyltransferases catalyze the posttranslational modification of cysteines by isoprenoid hydrocarbon chains. A protein farnesyltransferase (PFTase) and a protein geranylgeranyltransferase (PGGTase-I) alkylate cysteines in a CaaX C-terminal tetrapeptide sequence, where a is usually an aliphatic amino acid and X is an amino acid that specifies whether a C15 farnesyl or C20 geranylgeranyl moiety is added. A third enzyme, PGGTase-II, adds geranylgeranyl groups to both cysteines at the C-terminus of Rab proteins. All three enzymes are Zn2+ metalloproteins and also require Mg2+ for activity. The protein prenyltransferases are heterodimers. PFTase and PGGTase I contain identical alpha-subunits and distinctive beta-subunits, which are responsible for the differences in substrate selectivity seen for the two enzymes. The subunits in PGGTase-II are similar, but not identical, to their counterparts in the other two enzymes. An alignment of amino acid sequences for the beta-subunits of all three enzymes shows five regions of high similarity. Thirteen of the conserved polar and charged residues in yeast PFTase were selected for substitution by site-directed mutagenesis. Kinetic studies revealed a subset of five enzymes, R211Q, D307A, C309A, Y310F, and H363A, with substantially reduced catalytic constants (kcat). Metal analyses of wild-type enzyme and the five least reactive mutants showed that the substitutions had compromised Zn2+ binding in the D307A, C309A, and H363A enzymes.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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