Calmodulin (CaM) has been shown to be an essential component for progression of nuclear division in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ohya, Y., and Anraku, Y. (1989) Curr. Genet. 15, 113-120). To define the functional domain of the molecule required for cell proliferation, we constructed plasmids expressing a series of N- and C-terminal halves of the CaM under the control of the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter. These plasmids were introduced into a cmd1-disrupted yeast haploid strain, and the growth properties of the cells depending on the half-CaMs were examined. Plasmids expressing the N-terminal half (Ser1-Leu76) and the C-terminal half (Leu85-Cys147), which each maintain two complete EF-hand structures, complemented the growth defect of the cmd1 null mutation, whereas those expressing shorter regions of C- and N-terminal CaM did not. The half-CaMs that complemented the cmd1 null mutation were found to be approximately 6-fold overexpressed relative to expression of native CaM by the wild-type CMD1 gene. The levels of expression of the half CaMs with the true CMD1 promoter were not sufficient for complementation. These results demonstrate that half-CaMs (either the N- or the C-terminal) are capable of supporting growth of yeast cells when they are suitably overproduced. Cells depending solely on half-CaMs all showed a temperature-sensitive growth phenotype, suggesting that half-CaMs cannot carry out all the cellular functions of the complete CaM molecule.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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