Mechanism of action of azole antifungal agents was studied by analyzing interaction of ketoconazole, itraconazole, triadimefon and triadimenol with a purified yeast cytochrome P-450 which catalyzes lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylation (P-45014DM). These antifungal agents formed low-spin complexes with P-45014DM, indicating the interaction of their azole nitrogens with the heme iron. Affinity of these antifungal agents for the cytochrome was extremely high compared with usual nitrogenous ligands. Upon reduction with sodium dithionite, the azole complexes of ferric P-45014DM were converted to the corresponding ferrous derivatives. Spectral analysis of these complexes suggested that geometric orientation of the azole moiety of an antifungal agent to the ferrous heme iron was regulated by the interaction between the N-1 substituent and the heme environment. CO could not readily replace ketoconazole or itraconazole co-ordinating to the heme iron of ferrous P-45014DM while triadimefon and triadimenol complexes of the cytochrome were promptly converted to the CO complexes. The inhibitory effects of ketoconazole and itraconazole on the P-45014DM-dependent lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylation were higher than that of triadimenfon. The substituents at N-1 of the azole moieties of ketoconazole and itraconazole are extremely large while those of triadimefon and triadimenol are relatively small. Accordingly, observations described above suggest that the N-1 substituent of an azole antifungal agent regulates the mobility of the molecule in the heme crevice of ferrous P-45014DM and determines the inhibitory effect of the compound.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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