Sphingolipids are a diverse set of structurally and metabolically related lipids that have numerous functions in cell structure and signaling. The regulation of these lipids is critical for normal cell function and disregulation has been implicated in pathophysiological conditions such as cancer and inflammation. Here we examine control of the initiating, and rate limiting, enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis, serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). We find that de novo synthesis of sphingolipid is stimulated by a number of cancer chemotherapeutics, suggesting that this may be an important aspect of their cytotoxic effects. The three ORMDL proteins are membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum related to the yeast Orm proteins, which have been shown to be homeostatic regulators of SPT. We find that the ORMDL proteins are also negative regulators of SPT that transmit cellular levels of sphingolipids to SPT. The three isoforms have redundant functions in this system. The sphingosine kinases (sphingosine kinase-1 and -2) phosphorylate both sphingosine, which is released from ceramide, but also dihydrosphingosine, which is in the de novo biosynthetic pathway. We therefore examined the role of the sphingosine kinases in controlling de novo ceramide biosynthesis and find that sphingosine kinase-1 does indeed act as a negative regulator of this pathway. This establishes that sphingosine kinase, in addition to producing sphingosine-1-phosphate as a signaling molecule, also consumes dihydrosphingosine to regulate ceramide synthesis. Our studies demonstrate that there are multiple mechanisms of regulation of SPT and suggest that these regulators are important mediators of cell stress responses.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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