In yeast and mammalian cells, endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) assist in sorting ubiquitinated proteins into intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) of multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) for degradation in the lysosome/vacuole. In mammalian cells, ESCRTs also drive other topologically identical membrane deformation processes, including cytokinesis, exosome release, and virus budding. Although the ESCRT-associated protein ALIX regulates these mammalian cell-specific functions, it was believed to be dispensable for receptor sorting into ILVs, unlike its yeast homolog Bro1. Despite these differences, recent evidence suggests ALIX and Bro1 share common properties in cargo sorting and ILV formation. We review these commonalities and discuss the role of ALIX in operating 'behind the mirror' during ILV back-fusion with the limiting membrane. We also propose models of how ALIX and some ESCRTs regulate the back-fusion process.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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