Background: ChIP-chip data, which indicate binding of transcription factors (TFs) to DNA regions in vivo, are widely used to reconstruct transcriptional regulatory networks. However, the binding of a TF to a gene does not necessarily imply regulation. Thus, it is important to develop methods to identify regulatory targets of TFs from ChIP-chip data.
Results: We developed a method, called Temporal Relationship Identification Algorithm (TRIA), which uses gene expression data to identify a TF's regulatory targets among its binding targets inferred from ChIP-chip data. We applied TRIA to yeast cell cycle microarray data and identified many plausible regulatory targets of cell cycle TFs. We validated our predictions by checking the enrichments for functional annotation and known cell cycle genes. Moreover, we showed that TRIA performs better than two published methods (MA-Network and MFA). It is known that co-regulated genes may not be co-expressed. TRIA has the ability to identify subsets of highly co-expressed genes among the regulatory targets of a TF. Different functional roles are found for different subsets, indicating the diverse functions a TF could have. Finally, for a control, we showed that TRIA also performs well for cell-cycle irrelevant TFs.
Conclusion: Finding the regulatory targets of TFs is important for understanding how cells change their transcription program to adapt to environmental stimuli. Our algorithm TRIA is helpful for achieving this purpose.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | File | Description |
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