Triazoles selectively inhibit the cytochrome P-450-dependent C-14 lanosterol alpha-demethylase (P-450 14 alpha DM), a key enzyme in ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi. To investigate mechanisms of triazole resistance in a mould, we used Aspergillus nidulans, a genetically amenable model fungus closely related to more pathogenic members of the genus. We selected for genes that would give resistance to itraconazole following transformation with a high copy genomic library of A. nidulans. In all the resistant colonies that we isolated, resistance was conferred by extra copies of the A. nidulans P-450 14 alpha DM gene, pdmA. We determined that in A. nidulans, extra copies of pdmA increase the MIC for itraconazole 36 times over wild-type controls. Similarly, transformation of an Aspergillus fumigatus strain with pITZR1 resulted in increased resistance to itraconazole. Our results indicate that triazole resistance in clinical isolates of moulds may result from amplification or overexpression of the P-450 14 alpha DM and demonstrate the utility of A. nidulans as a promising model fungus for the analysis of drug resistance and susceptibility in the pathogenic fungus A. fumigatus.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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