Recent investigations have established that Arabidopsis thaliana contains a family of genes encoding ATP-binding cassette transporters belonging to the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) family. So named because of the phenotypes conferred by their animal prototypes, many MRPs are MgATP-energized pumps active in the transport of glutathione (GS) conjugates and other bulky amphipathic anions across membranes. Here we show that Arabidopsis MRP2 (AtMRP2) localizes to the vacuolar membrane fraction from seedlings and is not only competent in the transport of GS conjugates but also glucuronate conjugates after heterologous expression in yeast. Based on the stimulatory action of the model GS conjugate 2,4-dinitrophenyl-GS (DNP-GS) on uptake of the model glucuronide 17beta-estradiol 17-(beta-d-glucuronide) (E(2)17betaG) and vice versa, double-label experiments demonstrating that the two substrates are subject to simultaneous transport by AtMRP2 and preloading experiments suggesting that the effects seen result from cis, not trans, interactions, it is inferred that some GS conjugates and some glucuronides reciprocally activate each other's transport via distinct but coupled binding sites. The results of parallel experiments on AtMRP1 and representative yeast and mammalian MRPs indicate that these properties are specific to AtMRP2. The effects exerted by DNP-GS on AtMRP2 are not, however, common to all GS conjugates and not simulated by oxidized glutathione or reduced glutathione. Decyl-GS, metolachlor-GS, and oxidized glutathione, although competitive with DNP-GS, do not promote E(2)17betaG uptake by AtMRP2. Reduced glutathione, although subject to transport by AtMRP2 and able to markedly promote E(2)17betaG uptake, neither competes with DNP-GS for uptake nor is subject to E(2)17betaG-promoted uptake. A multisite model comprising three or four semi-autonomous transport pathways plus distinct but tightly coupled binding sites is invoked for AtMRP2.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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