Genomic DNA has to be replicated completely and only once during a single cell cycle in order to maintain integrity. Eukaryotes have developed highly regulated machinery for precisely replicating genomic DNA that is fragmented into multiple chromosomes. Our knowledge of such mechanisms largely depends on findings with budding yeast, since identification of specific DNA sequences acting as replication origins, autonomously replicating sequences, has allowed extensive analyses of the initiation of DNA replication. Several factors essential for regulation of initiation have been identified, including ORC, CDC6 and MCM. Subsequent work has suggested that the fundamental machinery for DNA replication may be conserved in metazoan embryonic cells in which replication occurs sequence-independently, and also in mammalian nonembryonic cells, where replication origins are more specific. However, there are specific differences. In this review, information on function and regulation of mammalian initiation factors, ORC, CDC6 and MCM, is summarized, and yeast and embryonic systems are compared. A hypothetical model for the state of prereplication chromatin in mammalian cell nuclei and regulation during the cell cycle is also proposed.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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