The Cdc7-Dbf4 kinase is essential for regulating initiation of DNA replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previously, we identified a human Cdc7 homolog, HsCdc7. In this study, we report the identification of a human Dbf4 homolog, HsDbf4. We show that HsDbf4 binds to HsCdc7 and activates HsCdc7 kinase activity when HsDbf4 and HsCdc7 are coexpressed in insect and mammalian cells. HsDbf4 protein levels are regulated during the cell cycle with a pattern that matches that of HsCdc7 protein kinase activity. They are low in G(1), increase during G(1)-S, and remain high during S and G(2)-M. Purified baculovirus-expressed HsCdc7-HsDbf4 selectively phosphorylates the MCM2 subunit of the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein complex isolated by immunoprecipitation with MCM7 antibodies in vitro. Two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide-mapping analysis of in vivo (32)P-labeled MCM2 from HeLa cells reveals that several major tryptic phosphopeptides of MCM2 comigrate with those of MCM2 phosphorylated by HsCdc7-HsDbf4 in vitro, suggesting that MCM2 is a physiological HsCdc7-HsDbf4 substrate. Immunoneutralization of HsCdc7-HsDbf4 activity by microinjection of anti-HsCdc7 antibodies into HeLa cells blocks initiation of DNA replication. These results indicate that the HsCdc7-HsDbf4 kinase is directly involved in regulating the initiation of DNA replication by targeting MCM2 protein in mammalian cells.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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