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JEM1/YJL073W Single Page Format

This page provides an alternative format to the SGD Locus Summary Page. Note that additional information may be available on or linked from the standard format SGD Locus Summary page.

Contents

Names and Identifiers GO Annotations Pathways Summary Paragraph Mutant Phenotypes Interactions Homologs Protein Info (physical properties, transcript info) PDB Homologs (protein structure info) Motifs Genome-wide Expression (and other large-scale analyses) Locus History (misc. notes) Sequence Retrieval and Analysis Map and Displays Localization Community Annotation Literature Guide

Sequence Coordinates   ChrX: 303175 to 305112 CDS: 303175 - 305112 Click on map for expanded view SGD ORF map GBrowse

SGD Locus Page

Names and Identifiers [TOP] [NEXT]
Standard Name	Systematic Name	Alias	Feature Type	SGDID
JEM1	YJL073W	KAR8	ORF, Verified	S000003609
Description
DnaJ-like chaperone required for nuclear membrane fusion during mating, localizes to the ER membrane; exhibits genetic interactions with KAR2

GO Annotations [TOP] [NEXT]
Molecular Function Annotation(s) Reference(s) Evidence Assigned By chaperone binding Nishikawa S and Endo T (1997) The yeast JEM1p is a DnaJ-like protein of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane required for nuclear fusion. J Biol Chem 272(20):12889-92        ISS : Inferred from Sequence or structural Similarity Assigned on 2004-07-22 SGD heat shock protein binding DDB, et al. (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.      IEA : Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR001623 Assigned on 2007-05-23 UniProtKB unfolded protein binding Nishikawa S and Endo T (1997) The yeast JEM1p is a DnaJ-like protein of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane required for nuclear fusion. J Biol Chem 272(20):12889-92        ISS : Inferred from Sequence or structural Similarity Assigned on 2004-07-22 SGD
Biological Process Annotation(s) Reference(s) Evidence Assigned By ER-associated protein catabolic process Nishikawa SI, et al. (2001) Molecular chaperones in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum maintain the solubility of proteins for retrotranslocation and degradation. J Cell Biol 153(5):1061-70        IMP : Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-02-01 SGD cellular response to heat Wu WS and Li WH (2008) Identifying gene regulatory modules of heat shock response in yeast. BMC Genomics 9:439        RCA : Reviewed Computational Analysis Assigned on 2009-03-03 SGD karyogamy during conjugation with cellular fusion Brizzio V, et al. (1999) Genetic interactions between KAR7/SEC71, KAR8/JEM1, KAR5, and KAR2 during nuclear fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 10(3):609-26        IMP : Inferred from Mutant Phenotype IGI : Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2002-12-06 SGD protein folding Silberstein S, et al. (1998) A role for the DnaJ homologue Scj1p in protein folding in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Biol 143(4):921-33        IGI : Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2002-08-16 SGD
Cellular Component Annotation(s) Reference(s) Evidence Assigned By endoplasmic reticulum Nishikawa S and Endo T (1997) The yeast JEM1p is a DnaJ-like protein of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane required for nuclear fusion. J Biol Chem 272(20):12889-92        IDA : Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-08-16 SGD GOA curators (2000) Gene Ontology annotation based on Swiss-Prot keyword mapping.      IEA : Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0256 Assigned on 2007-05-23 UniProtKB endoplasmic reticulum membrane GOA curators and UniProt curators (2007) Gene Ontology annotation based on Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping.      IEA : Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0097 Assigned on 2008-02-13 UniProtKB membrane GOA curators (2000) Gene Ontology annotation based on Swiss-Prot keyword mapping.      IEA : Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0472 Assigned on 2007-05-23 UniProtKB nuclear envelope-endoplasmic reticulum network Sundin BA, et al. (2004) Localization of proteins that are coordinately expressed with Cln2 during the cell cycle. Yeast 21(9):793-800        IDA : Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2004-10-08 SGD nuclear membrane GOA curators and UniProt curators (2007) Gene Ontology annotation based on Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping.      IEA : Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0182 Assigned on 2008-06-12 UniProtKB nucleus GOA curators (2000) Gene Ontology annotation based on Swiss-Prot keyword mapping.      IEA : Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0539 Assigned on 2007-05-23 UniProtKB peripheral to membrane of membrane fraction Nishikawa S and Endo T (1997) The yeast JEM1p is a DnaJ-like protein of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane required for nuclear fusion. J Biol Chem 272(20):12889-92        IDA : Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-08-16 SGD

Pathways [TOP] [NEXT]
No pathways available

Summary Paragraph [TOP] [NEXT]

SUMMARY PARAGRAPH for JEM1/YJL073W for JEM1 Hsp40/DnaJ is a family of proteins, established by bacterial DnaJ, that regulates Hsp70 chaperone activity. Hsp40s stimulate the intrinsically weak ATPase activity of Hsp70 proteins and facilitate Hsp70 interaction with polypeptide substrates. Hsp70 family members often have multiple Hsp40 partners, and these specific pairings govern Hsp70 chaperone involvement in particular processes (reviewed in 1, 2, and 3). All Hsp40s contain a highly conserved 75-amino acid J domain, which interacts with the ATPase domain of Hsp70 to stimulate ATP hydrolysis. However, there are also other conserved structural domains, and based on the presence or absence of these regions, the Hsp40 family can be divided into three subtypes: type I, type II and type III (a comprehensive overview of the structural features of the different HSP40 subtypes can be found in 3). Sequence analysis of the S. cerevisiae genome has revealed 22 proteins in the Hsp40/DnaJ family: YDJ1, XDJ1, APJ1, SIS1, DJP1, ZUO1, SWA2, JJJ1, JJJ2, JJJ3, CAJ1, CWC23, MDJ1, MDJ2, PAM18, JAC1, JID1, SCJ1, HLJ1, JEM1, SEC63, and ERJ5 (3). Last Updated: 2006-12-19

Basic References [TOP]

BASIC INFORMATION REFERENCES forJEM1/YJL073W for JEM1 1) Qiu XB, et al. (2006) The diversity of the DnaJ/Hsp40 family, the crucial partners for Hsp70 chaperones. Cell Mol Life Sci 63(22):2560-2570        2) Cyr DM, et al. (1994) DnaJ-like proteins: molecular chaperones and specific regulators of Hsp70. Trends Biochem Sci 19(4):176-81      3) Walsh P, et al. (2004) The J-protein family: modulating protein assembly, disassembly and translocation. EMBO Rep 5(6):567-71        4) Nishikawa S and Endo T (1997) The yeast JEM1p is a DnaJ-like protein of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane required for nuclear fusion. J Biol Chem 272(20):12889-92

Mutant Phenotypes [TOP] [NEXT]
Phenotype page for JEM1/YJL073W

Interactions: genetic, physical, and other gene-gene links. [TOP] [NEXT]
Interaction page for JEM1/YJL073W

Homologs [TOP] [NEXT]
Comparison Resources PSI-BLAST Results Ashbya Homologs (AGD) BLASTN vs. fungi BLASTP at NCBI BLASTP vs. fungi Fungal Alignment Fungal Orthogroups Repository Ortholog Search (P-POD) PhylomeDB Synteny Viewer Yeast Gene Order Browser (YGOB) eukarYotic OrtholoGY (YOGY)

Physical Properties and Transcript Information: predicted from sequence [TOP] [NEXT]

Protein Sequence Calculations from Predicted Full length Translation N-term MILISGY C-term FKMNFGL Length(aa) 645 MW(Da) 75,143 pI 9.6 Amino Acid Composition (full length) GCG tools: PepPlot, Helical Wheel, PepStruct Transcript Translation Calculations Codon Bias 0.036   Codon Adaptation Index 0.137   Frequency of Optimal Codons 0.440   Hydropathicity of Protein -0.598   Aromaticity Score 0.104

10 20 30 40 50 | | | | | MILISGYCLLVYSVILPVLISASKLCDLAELQRLNKNLKVDTESLPKYQW IAGQLEQNCMTADPASENMSDVIQLANQIYYKIGLIQLSNDQHLRAINTF EKIVFNETYKGSFGKLAEKRLQELYVDFGMWDKVHQKDDQYAKYLSLNET IRNKISSKDVSVEEDISELLRITPYDVNVLSTHIDVLFHKLAEEIDVSLA AAIILDYETILDKHLASLSIDTRLSIHYVISVLQTFVLNSDASFNIRKCL SIDMDYDKCKKLSLTISKLNKVNPSKRQILDPATYAFENKKFRSWDRIIE FYLKDKKPFITPMKILNKDTNFKNNYFFLEEIIKQLIEDVQLSRPLAKNL FEDPPITDGFVKPKSYYHTDYLVYIDSILCQASSMSPDVKRAKLAAPFCK KSLRHSLTLETWKHYQDAKSEQKPLPETVLSDVWNSNPHLLMYMVNSILN KSRSKPHSQFKKQLYDQINKFFQDNGLSESTNPYVMKNFRLLQKQLQTYK EHKHRNFNQQYFQQQQQQQQHQRHQAPPAAPNYDPKKDYYKILGVSPSAS SKEIRKAYLNLTKKYHPDKIKANHNDKQESIHETMSQINEAYETLSDDDK RKEYDLSRSNPRRNTFPQGPRQNNMFKNPGSGFPFGNGFKMNFGL*

Protein Structures from PDB: proteins of known structure with sequence similarity to JEM1/YJL073W, based on Smith-Waterman analysis. [TOP] [NEXT]

PDB protein structure(s) homologous to JEM1 Homolog Source (per PDB) Protein Alignment: JEM1 vs. Homolog External Links P-Value %Identical %Similar Alignment 2dn9 ( Chain: A) Solution structure of j-domain from the dnaj homolog, human tid1 protein PDB_Info PDB_Structure Homo sapiens 7.5e-09 55 23 View alignment SCOP MMDB CATH 1bq0 ( Chain: A) J-domain (residues 1-77) of the escherichia coli n-terminal fragment (residues 1-104) of the molecular chaperone dnaj, nmr, 20 structures PDB_Info PDB_Structure Escherichia coli 5.5e-08 42 24 View alignment SCOP MMDB CATH 1xbl ( Chain: A) Nmr structure of the j-domain (residues 2-76) in the escherichia coli n-terminal fragment (residues 2-108) of the molecular chaperone dnaj, 20 structures PDB_Info PDB_Structure Escherichia coli 5.8e-08 42 24 View alignment SCOP MMDB CATH 1bqz ( Chain: A) J-domain (residues 1-77) of the escherichia coli n-terminal fragment (residues 1-78) of the molecular chaperone dnaj, nmr, 20 structures PDB_Info PDB_Structure Escherichia coli 2.8e-07 51 26 View alignment SCOP MMDB CATH 2ctr ( Chain: A) Solution structure of j-domain from human dnaj subfamily b menber 9 PDB_Info PDB_Structure Homo sapiens 1.7e-06 48 21 View alignment SCOP MMDB CATH 2ej7 ( Chain: A) Solution structure of the dnaj domain of the human protein hcg3, a hypothetical protein tmp_locus_21 PDB_Info PDB_Structure Homo sapiens 9.9e-06 47 26 View alignment SCOP MMDB CATH 2cug ( Chain: A) Solution structure of the j domain of the pseudo dnaj protein, mouse hypothetical mkiaa0962 PDB_Info PDB_Structure Mus musculus 1.2e-05 40 32 View alignment SCOP MMDB CATH 2dmx ( Chain: A) Solution structure of the j domain of dnaj homolog subfamily b member 8 PDB_Info PDB_Structure Homo sapiens 1.5e-05 46 35 View alignment SCOP MMDB CATH 1wjz ( Chain: A) Soluiotn structure of j-domain of mouse dnaj like protein PDB_Info PDB_Structure Mus musculus 1.5e-05 38 37 View alignment SCOP MMDB CATH 2ctp ( Chain: A) Solution structure of j-domain from human dnaj subfamily b menber 12 PDB_Info PDB_Structure Homo sapiens 1.7e-05 46 26 View alignment SCOP MMDB CATH 2och ( Chain: A) J-domain of dnj-12 from caenorhabditis elegans PDB_Info PDB_Structure Caenorhabditis elegans 3.4e-05 46 30 View alignment SCOP MMDB CATH 1hdj ( Chain: A) Human hsp40 (hdj-1), nmr PDB_Info PDB_Structure Homo sapiens 0.000110 42 31 View alignment SCOP MMDB CATH 2o37 ( Chain: A) J-domain of sis1 protein, hsp40 co-chaperone from saccharomyces cerevisiae. PDB_Info PDB_Structure Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.000529 39 26 View alignment SCOP MMDB CATH

Genome-wide Expression and Other Large-Scale Analyses [TOP] [NEXT]
Functional Analysis Expression Connection Summary Cell cycle and metabolic oscillation Cell cycle transcript profile Cyclebase Genevestigator GermOnline SPELL Microarray Search YGAC Triples Yeast Microarray Global Viewer YeastFunc	You can also search multiple datasets simultaneously using Expression Connection for expression studies or Function Junction for other large scale analyses.

Locus History (misc. notes) [TOP] [NEXT]

Nomenclature History

Standard Name	Reference
JEM1	SGD (2007) Information without a citation in SGD

Mapping Notes

Date	Note
1997-10-20	Edition 14: S. Nishikawa has determined that the translation of Jem1p begins at the second ATG codon, such that the protein begins with the sequence MILISGY.... Therefore, the start site is being moved 141 nt downstream. Cherry JM, et al. (1997) Genetic and physical maps of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature 387(6632 Suppl):67-73

Sequence Retrieval [TOP] [NEXT]
Sequence Type	Output Format
Genomic DNA	GCG | FASTA | NoHeader
Genomic DNA with 1 kb up and downstream	GCG | FASTA | NoHeader
DNA coding sequence (without introns, without flanking regions)	GCG | FASTA | NoHeader
Protein Translation of ORF	GCG | FASTA | NoHeader
6-Frame Translation(with Restriction Map)	GCG
Restriction Fragment Sizes	GCG
Sequence Analysis Tools BLASTP BLASTN Design Primers FASTA aa FASTA nt Restriction Fragment Map Restriction Fragment Sizes Six-Frame Translation

Sequence from other databases
Sequence ID	Source
YJL073W	SGD Systematic Sequence
853372	NCBI: Gene ID
NP_012462.1	NCBI: RefSeq protein version ID
NP_012462.1	NCBI: RefSeq protein version ID
6322388	NCBI: NCBI protein GI

Map and Displays [TOP] [NEXT]
Physical, Genetic Maps:	Chromosomal Feature Map	GBrowse	Combined Physical and Genetic Map	Genetic Distance vs. Physical Distance Ratios
Similarity Viewers:	Synteny Viewer	Genomic Stripe View	SAGE Results Map

Localization [TOP] [NEXT]
Localization Resources YeastRC Localization (Seattle) Organelle DB (UMich) YGAC Triples YeastGFP DB (UCSF) at SGD

Community Annotation [TOP] [NEXT]
No community annotation available.

Literature Guide: papers categorized by topic. [TOP]
Topics	Reference	Other Genes Addressed
25 curated references; 1 references not yet curated
Not yet curated	Buck TM, et al. (2010) The ER Associated Degradation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel Requires a Unique Complement of Molecular Chaperones. Mol Biol Cell	|SCJ1
Mutants/Phenotypes Protein-protein Interactions Strains/Constructs	Gong Y, et al. (2009) An atlas of chaperone-protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: implications to protein folding pathways in the cell. Mol Syst Biol 5:275	|APJ1 |CAJ1 |CWC23 |DJP1 |ECM10 |ERJ5 |GIM3 |GIM4 |GIM5 |HLJ1 |HSC82 |HSP104 |HSP12 |HSP26 |MORE
Alias Mutants/Phenotypes Strains/Constructs	Melloy P, et al. (2009) Distinct roles for key karyogamy proteins during yeast nuclear fusion. Mol Biol Cell 20(17):3773-82	|KAR2 |KAR5 |PRM3
Cross-species Expression Genetic Interactions Mutants/Phenotypes Non-Fungal Related Genes/Proteins Strains/Constructs	Vembar SS, et al. (2009) The Mammalian Hsp40 ERdj3 Requires Its Hsp70 Interaction and Substrate-binding Properties to Complement Various Yeast Hsp40-dependent Functions. J Biol Chem 284(47):32462-71	|HLJ1 |SCJ1 |YDJ1
Mutants/Phenotypes Strains/Constructs	Liang J, et al. (2008) Novel suppressors of alpha-synuclein toxicity identified using yeast. Hum Mol Genet 17(23):3784-95	|ARG2 |ENT3 |HSP82 |IDP3
Cellular Location Cross-species Expression Fungal Related Genes/Proteins Genetic Interactions Protein Sequence Features Protein-protein Interactions Strains/Constructs	Makio T, et al. (2008) Identification and characterization of a Jem1p ortholog of Candida albicans: dissection of Jem1p functions in karyogamy and protein quality control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Cells 13(10):1015-26	|KAR2 |MPS3 |SCJ1
Function/Process Genetic Interactions Mutants/Phenotypes Strains/Constructs	Nishikawa S, et al. (2008) Nuclear inner membrane fusion facilitated by yeast Jem1p is required for spindle pole body fusion but not for the first mitotic nuclear division during yeast mating. Genes Cells 13(11):1185-95	|SEC66
Genetic Interactions Mutants/Phenotypes RNA Levels and Processing Regulation of Strains/Constructs	Payne T, et al. (2008) Modulation of Chaperone Gene Expression in Mutagenized Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Developed for Recombinant Human Albumin Production Results in Increased Production of Multiple Heterologous Proteins. Appl Environ Microbiol 74(24):7759-66	|HAC1 |LHS1 |SCJ1 |SIL1
Regulation of	Wu WS and Li WH (2008) Identifying gene regulatory modules of heat shock response in yeast. BMC Genomics 9:439	|ADD37 |AFR1 |AGX1 |AHA1 |AIM17 |ALD4 |ALG13 |ARA1 |ASI1 |ATG12 |ATG8 |BAG7 |BDH1 |CAD1 |MORE
Cross-species Expression Mutants/Phenotypes Non-Fungal Related Genes/Proteins Strains/Constructs	Yamamoto M, et al. (2008) Arabidopsis thaliana has a set of J proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum that are conserved from yeast to animals and plants. Plant Cell Physiol 49(10):1547-62	|SCJ1 |SEC63
Reviews	Ydenberg CA and Rose MD (2008) Yeast mating: a model system for studying cell and nuclear fusion. Methods Mol Biol 475:3-20	|AGA1 |ASG7 |BEM1 |BIK1 |BIM1 |BNI1 |CDC24 |CDC42 |CHS3 |CHS5 |CIK1 |FAR1 |FIG1 |FIG2 |MORE
Genetic Interactions Mutants/Phenotypes Strains/Constructs	Carla Fama M, et al. (2007) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae YFR041C/ERJ5 gene encoding a type I membrane protein with a J domain is required to preserve the folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum. Biochim Biophys Acta 1773(2):232-42	|ERJ5 |IRE1 |KAR2 |SCJ1
Fungal Related Genes/Proteins Reviews	Burnie JP, et al. (2006) Fungal heat-shock proteins in human disease. FEMS Microbiol Rev 30(1):53-88	|DJP1 |HSC82 |HSF1 |HSP10 |HSP104 |HSP12 |HSP26 |HSP30 |HSP60 |HSP78 |HSP82 |JAC1 |MDJ1 |MDJ2 |MORE
Genetic Interactions Mutants/Phenotypes	Heiligenstein S, et al. (2006) Retrotranslocation of a viral A/B toxin from the yeast endoplasmic reticulum is independent of ubiquitination and ERAD. EMBO J 25(20):4717-27	|CDC48 |DSK2 |HRD1 |KAR2 |NPL4 |PDI1 |PMR1 |RAD23 |RSP5 |SCJ1 |SPF1 |UBC1 |UBC4 |UBC6 |MORE
Function/Process Genetic Interactions Mutants/Phenotypes Regulatory Role Strains/Constructs	Bryan BA, et al. (2004) Evidence for control of nitrogen metabolism by a START-dependent mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Genet Genomics 271(1):72-81	|CDC28 |CLN1 |CLN2 |CLN3 |GLT1
Cellular Location	Sundin BA, et al. (2004) Localization of proteins that are coordinately expressed with Cln2 during the cell cycle. Yeast 21(9):793-800	|ALG14 |ASF2 |AXL2 |BNI4 |CSI2 |DPB2 |HSL1 |KCC4 |MCD1 |MPS3 |NBP1 |POL12 |POL30 |PRI2 |MORE
Reviews	Walsh P, et al. (2004) The J-protein family: modulating protein assembly, disassembly and translocation. EMBO Rep 5(6):567-71	|APJ1 |CAJ1 |CWC23 |DJP1 |ERJ5 |HLJ1 |JAC1 |JID1 |JJJ1 |JJJ2 |JJJ3 |JLP1 |JLP2 |MDJ1 |MORE
Genetic Interactions Protein Sequence Features Protein-protein Interactions Regulatory Role	Kabani M, et al. (2003) Dependence of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation on the peptide binding domain and concentration of BiP. Mol Biol Cell 14(8):3437-48	|KAR2 |SEC63
Function/Process Protein-protein Interactions	Nishikawa S, et al. (2003) Nep98p is a component of the yeast spindle pole body and essential for nuclear division and fusion. J Biol Chem 278(11):9938-43	|MPS3
Function/Process Mutants/Phenotypes Strains/Constructs	Nishikawa SI, et al. (2001) Molecular chaperones in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum maintain the solubility of proteins for retrotranslocation and degradation. J Cell Biol 153(5):1061-70	|KAR2 |SCJ1 |SEC61 |SEC63
Alias Function/Process Genetic Interactions Mutants/Phenotypes Strains/Constructs	Brizzio V, et al. (1999) Genetic interactions between KAR7/SEC71, KAR8/JEM1, KAR5, and KAR2 during nuclear fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 10(3):609-26	|KAR2 |KAR5 |SCJ1 |SEC61 |SEC63 |SEC66 |SEC72
Cellular Location Function/Process Protein Physical Properties Protein Processing/Modification/Regulation Protein Sequence Features Protein-protein Interactions	Nishikawa S and Endo T (1998) Reinvestigation of the functions of the hydrophobic segment of Jem1p, a yeast endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein mediating nuclear fusion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 244(3):785-9
Function/Process Genetic Interactions Mutants/Phenotypes Strains/Constructs	Silberstein S, et al. (1998) A role for the DnaJ homologue Scj1p in protein folding in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Biol 143(4):921-33	|KAR2 |OST1 |OST3 |SCJ1 |SEC63
Alias Cellular Location Function/Process Fungal Related Genes/Proteins Genetic Interactions Mapping Mutants/Phenotypes Non-Fungal Related Genes/Proteins Protein Sequence Features Strains/Constructs	Nishikawa S and Endo T (1997) The yeast JEM1p is a DnaJ-like protein of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane required for nuclear fusion. J Biol Chem 272(20):12889-92	|KAR2 |SCJ1
DNA/RNA Sequence Features	Vandenbol M, et al. (1995) Sequence of a 17.1 kb DNA fragment from chromosome X of Saccharomyces cerevisiae includes the mitochondrial ribosomal protein L8. Yeast 11(1):57-60
Alias Function/Process Mutants/Phenotypes	Kurihara LJ, et al. (1994) Nuclear congression and membrane fusion: two distinct events in the yeast karyogamy pathway. J Cell Biol 126(4):911-23	|AXL1 |KAR3 |KAR4 |KAR5 |KAR9 |RAM1 |RVS161 |SPA2

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