NUP120/YKL057C Single Page Format

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SGD Locus Page

Names and Identifiers [TOP] [NEXT] Help
Standard Name Systematic Name Alias Feature Type SGDID
NUP120 YKL057C RAT2 ORF, Verified S000001540
Description
Subunit of the Nup84p subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), required for even distribution of NPCs around the nuclear envelope, involved in establishment of a normal nucleocytoplasmic concentration gradient of the GTPase Gsp1p

GO Annotations [TOP] [NEXT] Help
Molecular Function
Annotation(s)Reference(s)EvidenceAssigned By
structural molecule activityFabre E and Hurt E (1997) Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 31:277-313
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
TAS : Traceable Author Statement
Assigned on 2001-01-18
SGD
Biological Process
Annotation(s)Reference(s)EvidenceAssigned By
NLS-bearing substrate import into nucleusFabre E and Hurt E (1997) Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 31:277-313
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
TAS : Traceable Author Statement
Assigned on 2001-01-18
SGD
chromosome localizationTherizols P, et al. (2006) Telomere tethering at the nuclear periphery is essential for efficient DNA double strand break repair in subtelomeric region. J Cell Biol 172(2):189-99
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Web Supplement  SGD Curated Comments & Errata
IMP : Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
Assigned on 2006-02-22
SGD
mRNA export from nucleusFabre E and Hurt E (1997) Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 31:277-313
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
IMP : Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
Assigned on 2001-01-18
SGD
mRNA transportGOA curators (2000) Gene Ontology annotation based on Swiss-Prot keyword mapping.
SGD Papers Entry  Reference full text  
IEA : Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0509
Assigned on 2007-05-23
UniProtKB
mRNA-binding (hnRNP) protein import into nucleusFabre E and Hurt E (1997) Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 31:277-313
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
TAS : Traceable Author Statement
Assigned on 2001-01-18
SGD
nuclear pore organizationFabre E and Hurt E (1997) Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 31:277-313
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
IMP : Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
Assigned on 2001-01-18
SGD
protein export from nucleusFabre E and Hurt E (1997) Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 31:277-313
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
TAS : Traceable Author Statement
Assigned on 2001-01-18
SGD
protein transportGOA curators (2000) Gene Ontology annotation based on Swiss-Prot keyword mapping.
SGD Papers Entry  Reference full text  
IEA : Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0653
Assigned on 2007-05-23
UniProtKB
rRNA export from nucleusFabre E and Hurt E (1997) Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 31:277-313
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
TAS : Traceable Author Statement
Assigned on 2001-01-18
SGD
ribosomal protein import into nucleusFabre E and Hurt E (1997) Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 31:277-313
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
TAS : Traceable Author Statement
Assigned on 2001-01-18
SGD
snRNA export from nucleusFabre E and Hurt E (1997) Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 31:277-313
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
TAS : Traceable Author Statement
Assigned on 2001-01-18
SGD
snRNP protein import into nucleusFabre E and Hurt E (1997) Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 31:277-313
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
TAS : Traceable Author Statement
Assigned on 2001-01-18
SGD
tRNA export from nucleusFabre E and Hurt E (1997) Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 31:277-313
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
TAS : Traceable Author Statement
Assigned on 2001-01-18
SGD
transmembrane transportGOA curators (2000) Gene Ontology annotation based on Swiss-Prot keyword mapping.
SGD Papers Entry  Reference full text  
IEA : Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0811
Assigned on 2009-10-01
UniProtKB
transportGOA curators (2000) Gene Ontology annotation based on Swiss-Prot keyword mapping.
SGD Papers Entry  Reference full text  
IEA : Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0813
Assigned on 2007-05-23
UniProtKB
Cellular Component
Annotation(s)Reference(s)EvidenceAssigned By
Nup107-160 complexLutzmann M, et al. (2002) Modular self-assembly of a Y-shaped multiprotein complex from seven nucleoporins. EMBO J 21(3):387-97
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
IDA : Inferred from Direct Assay
Assigned on 2009-10-09
SGD
membraneGOA curators (2000) Gene Ontology annotation based on Swiss-Prot keyword mapping.
SGD Papers Entry  Reference full text  
IEA : Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0472
Assigned on 2008-06-16
UniProtKB
nuclear poreFabre E and Hurt E (1997) Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 31:277-313
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
IDA : Inferred from Direct Assay
Assigned on 2001-01-18
SGD
GOA curators (2000) Gene Ontology annotation based on Swiss-Prot keyword mapping.
SGD Papers Entry  Reference full text  
IEA : Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0906
Assigned on 2007-05-23
UniProtKB
GOA curators and UniProt curators (2007) Gene Ontology annotation based on Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping.
SGD Papers Entry  Reference full text  
IEA : Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0185
Assigned on 2009-05-06
UniProtKB
nucleusGOA curators (2000) Gene Ontology annotation based on Swiss-Prot keyword mapping.
SGD Papers Entry  Reference full text  
IEA : Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0539
Assigned on 2009-06-29
UniProtKB

Pathways [TOP] [NEXT] Help
No pathways available

Summary Paragraph [TOP] [NEXT] Help
SUMMARY PARAGRAPH for NUP120/YKL057C for NUP120
NUP120 encodes a non-essential nuclear pore protein (1, 2). Transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells occurs through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), a large macromolecular complex that spans the nuclear envelope (reviewed in 3, 4, 5, 6). The structure of the vertebrate NPC has been studied extensively; recent reviews include 7, 8, 9, and 10. The yeast NPC shares several features with the vertebrate NPC, despite being smaller and less elaborate (11, 12). Many yeast nuclear pore proteins, or nucleoporins, have been identified by a variety of genetic approaches (reviewed in 3, 4, 13, 14, 15). Nup120p is part of subcomplex within the NPC that also includes Sec13p, Seh1p, Nup84p, and Nup85p (16, 3). PH, A nup120 mutation is synthetically lethal with mutations in NUP133 and NUP159, which also encode nuclear pore proteins. Also, Nup85p cannot be detected in nup120 mutants (17).

Last Updated: 1999-08-09

Basic References [TOP]   Help
BASIC INFORMATION REFERENCES forNUP120/YKL057C for NUP120
1)Aitchison JD, et al. (1995) Nup120p: a yeast nucleoporin required for NPC distribution and mRNA transport. J Cell Biol 131(6 Pt 2):1659-75
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
2)Heath CV, et al. (1995) Nuclear pore complex clustering and nuclear accumulation of poly(A)+ RNA associated with mutation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAT2/NUP120 gene. J Cell Biol 131(6 Pt 2):1677-97
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
3)Fabre E and Hurt E (1997) Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 31:277-313
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
4)Wente SR, et al. (1997) "The nucleus and nucleocytoplasmic transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Pp. 471-546 in The Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces: Cell Cycle and Cell Biology, edited by Pringle JR, Broach JR and Jones EW. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
SGD Papers Entry  
5)Pemberton LF, et al. (1998) Transport routes through the nuclear pore complex. Curr Opin Cell Biol 10(3):392-9
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
6)Izaurralde E and Adam S (1998) Transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. RNA 4(4):351-64
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
7)Hinshaw JE (1994) Architecture of the nuclear pore complex and its involvement in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Biochem Pharmacol 47(1):15-20
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
8)Pante N and Aebi U (1996) Molecular dissection of the nuclear pore complex. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 31(2):153-99
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
9)Davis LI (1995) The nuclear pore complex. Annu Rev Biochem 64:865-96
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
10)Pante N and Aebi U (1994) Toward the molecular details of the nuclear pore complex. J Struct Biol 113(3):179-89
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
11)Rout MP and Blobel G (1993) Isolation of the yeast nuclear pore complex. J Cell Biol 123(4):771-83
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
12)Yang Q, et al. (1998) Three-dimensional architecture of the isolated yeast nuclear pore complex: functional and evolutionary implications. Mol Cell 1(2):223-34
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
13)Doye V and Hurt E (1997) From nucleoporins to nuclear pore complexes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 9(3):401-11
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
14)Doye V and Hurt EC (1995) Genetic approaches to nuclear pore structure and function. Trends Genet 11(6):235-41
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
15)Newmeyer DD (1993) The nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic transport. Curr Opin Cell Biol 5(3):395-407
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
16)Siniossoglou S, et al. (1996) A novel complex of nucleoporins, which includes Sec13p and a Sec13p homolog, is essential for normal nuclear pores. Cell 84(2):265-75
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
17)Goldstein AL, et al. (1996) Pleiotropic nuclear defects associated with a conditional allele of the novel nucleoporin Rat9p/Nup85p. Mol Biol Cell 7(6):917-34
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
18)Siniossoglou S, et al. (2000) Structure and assembly of the Nup84p complex. J Cell Biol 149(1):41-54
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
19)Gao H, et al. (2003) Nuclear accumulation of the small GTPase Gsp1p depends on nucleoporins Nup133p, Rat2p/Nup120p, Nup85p, Nic96p, and the acetyl-CoA carboxylase Acc1p. J Biol Chem 278(28):25331-40
SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  

Mutant Phenotypes [TOP] [NEXT] Help
Phenotype page for NUP120/YKL057C

Interactions: genetic, physical, and other gene-gene links. [TOP] [NEXT] Help
Interaction page for NUP120/YKL057C

Homologs [TOP] [NEXT] Help
  • Comparison Resources
  • Physical Properties and Transcript Information: predicted from sequence [TOP] [NEXT] Help
    Protein Sequence Calculations
    from Predicted Full length Translation
    N-term MACLSRI
    C-term RDELRGL
    Length(aa) 1,037
    MW(Da) 120,447
    pI 4.91
    Amino Acid Composition (full length)
    GCG tools: PepPlot, Helical Wheel, PepStruct

    Transcript Translation Calculations
    Codon Bias 0.059  
    Codon Adaptation Index 0.157  
    Frequency of Optimal Codons 0.447  
    Hydropathicity of Protein -0.118  
    Aromaticity Score 0.128  

                              10        20        30        40        50
                               |         |         |         |         |
                      MACLSRIDANLLQYYEKPEPNNTVDLYVSNNSNNNGLKEGDKSISTPVPQ
                      PYGSEYSNCLLLSNSEYICYHFSSRSTLLTFYPLSDAYHGKTINIHLPNA
                      SMNQRYTLTIQEVEQQLLVNVILKDGSFLTLQLPLSFLFSSANTLNGEWF
                      HLQNPYDFTVRVPHFLFYVSPQFSVVFLEDGGLLGLKKVDGVHYEPLLFN
                      DNSYLKSLTRFFSRSSKSDYDSVISCKLFHERYLIVLTQNCHLKIWDLTS
                      FTLIQDYDMVSQSDSDPSHFRKVEAVGEYLSLYNNTLVTLLPLENGLFQM
                      GTLLVDSSGILTYTFQNNIPTNLSASAIWSIVDLVLTRPLELNVEASYLN
                      LIVLWKSGTASKLQILNVNDESFKNYEWIESVNKSLVDLQSEHDLDIVTK
                      TGDVERGFCNLKSRYGTQIFERAQQILSENKIIMAHNEDEEYLANLETIL
                      RDVKTAFNEASSITLYGDEIILVNCFQPYNHSLYKLNTTVENWFYNMHSE
                      TDGSELFKYLRTLNGFASTLSNDVLRSISKKFLDIITGELPDSMTTVEKF
                      TDIFKNCLENQFEITNLKILFDELNSFDIPVVLNDLINNQMKPGIFWKKD
                      FISAIKFDGFTSIISLESLHQLLSIHYRITLQVLLTFVLFDLDTEIFGQH
                      ISTLLDLHYKQFLLLNLYRQDKCLLAEVLLKDSSEFSFGVKFFNYGQLIA
                      YIDSLNSNVYNASITENSFFMTFFRSYIIENTSHKNIRFFLENVECPFYL
                      RHNEVQEFMFAMTLFSCGNFDQSYEIFQLHDYPEAINDKLPTFLEDLKSE
                      NYHGDSIWKDLLCTFTVPYRHSAFYYQLSLLFDRNNSQEFALKCISKSAE
                      YSLKEIQIEELQDFKEKQHIHYLNLLIHFRMFEEVLDVLRLGHECLSDTV
                      RTNFLQLLLQEDIYSRDFFSTLLRLCNAHSDNGELYLRTVDIKIVDSILS
                      QNLRSGDWECFKKLYCFRMLNKSERAAAEVLYQYILMQADLDVIRKRKCY
                      LMVINVLSSFDSAYDQWILNGSKVVTLTDLRDELRGL*
    

    Protein Structures from PDB: proteins of known structure with sequence similarity to NUP120/YKL057C, based on Smith-Waterman analysis. [TOP] [NEXT] Help
    PDB protein structure(s) homologous to NUP120Homolog Source (per PDB)Protein Alignment: NUP120 vs. HomologExternal Links
    P-Value%Identical%SimilarAlignment
    3hxr ( Chain: A)
    Nucleoporin NUP120
  • PDB_Info
  • PDB_Structure
  • Unknown9.9e-2621000View alignmentSCOP
    MMDB
    CATH
    3h7n ( Chain: C, A, B, D)
    Nucleoporin NUP120
  • PDB_Info
  • PDB_Structure
  • UnknownChain C = 9.9e-2621000View alignmentSCOP
    MMDB
    CATH
    Chain A = 9.9e-2621000View alignment
    Chain B = 9.9e-2621000View alignment
    Chain D = 9.9e-2621000View alignment
    3f7f ( Chain: C, B, A, D)
    Nucleoporin NUP120
  • PDB_Info
  • PDB_Structure
  • UnknownChain C = 9.9e-2621000View alignmentSCOP
    MMDB
    CATH
    Chain B = 9.9e-2621000View alignment
    Chain A = 9.9e-2621000View alignment
    Chain D = 9.9e-2621000View alignment

    Genome-wide Expression and Other Large-Scale Analyses [TOP] [NEXT] Help
  • Functional Analysis
  • You can also search multiple datasets simultaneously using Expression Connection for expression studies or Function Junction for other large scale analyses.

    Locus History (misc. notes) [TOP] [NEXT] Help
    Nomenclature History
    Standard NameReference
    NUP120SGD (2007) Information without a citation in SGD
    SGD Papers Entry  

    Sequence Retrieval [TOP] [NEXT] Help
    Sequence Type Output Format
    Genomic DNA GCG | FASTA | NoHeader
    Genomic DNA with 1 kb up and downstream GCG | FASTA | NoHeader
    DNA coding sequence
    (without introns, without flanking regions)
    GCG | FASTA | NoHeader
    Protein Translation of ORF GCG | FASTA | NoHeader
    6-Frame Translation(with Restriction Map) GCG
    Restriction Fragment Sizes GCG
  • Sequence Analysis Tools
  • Sequence from other databases
    Sequence IDSource
    YKL057CSGD Systematic Sequence
    853808NCBI: Gene ID
    NP_012866.1NCBI: RefSeq protein version ID
    NP_012866.1NCBI: RefSeq protein version ID
    6322793NCBI: NCBI protein GI

    Map and Displays [TOP] [NEXT] Help
    Physical, Genetic Maps: Chromosomal Feature Map GBrowse Combined Physical and Genetic Map Genetic Distance vs. Physical Distance Ratios
    Similarity Viewers: Synteny Viewer Genomic Stripe View SAGE Results Map  

    Localization [TOP] [NEXT] Help
  • Localization Resources
  • Community Annotation [TOP] [NEXT] Help
    No community annotation available.

    Literature Guide: papers categorized by topic. [TOP]   Help
    TopicsReferenceOther Genes Addressed
    61 curated references; 0 references not yet curated
    Protein-protein Interactions
    Luo Y, et al. (2010) Resolving the Composition of Protein Complexes Using a MALDI LTQ Orbitrap. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 21(1):34-46
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |APL1 |APL3 |APM4 |APS2 |ASM4 |BMH2 |EDE1 |FKS1 |NIC96 |NSP1 |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP159 |NUP170 |MORE
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Protein Sequence Features
    Strains/Constructs
    Beliakova-Bethell N, et al. (2009) Ty3 nuclear entry is initiated by viruslike particle docking on GLFG nucleoporins. J Virol 83(22):11914-25
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |NSP1 |NUP100 |NUP116 |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP159 |NUP42 |NUP49 |NUP57 |YGR109W-A |YGR109W-B |YIL080W |YIL082W |YIL082W-A
    Genetic Interactions
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Strains/Constructs
    Dawson TR, et al. (2009) ER membrane-bending proteins are necessary for de novo nuclear pore formation. J Cell Biol 184(5):659-75
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |GLE2 |NEM1 |NIC96 |NUP116 |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP188 |NUP49 |NUP82 |NUP84 |NUP85 |POM152 |POM34 |RTN1 |MORE
    Evolution
    Non-Fungal Related Genes/Proteins
    DeGrasse JA, et al. (2009) Evidence for a shared nuclear pore complex architecture that is conserved from the last common eukaryotic ancestor. Mol Cell Proteomics 8(9):2119-30
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |MLP1 |MLP2 |NIC96 |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP157 |NUP159 |NUP170 |NUP188 |NUP192 |NUP2 |NUP82 |NUP84 |NUP85
    Fungal Related Genes/Proteins
    Non-Fungal Related Genes/Proteins
    Other Features
    Fokkens L and Snel B (2009) Cohesive versus flexible evolution of functional modules in eukaryotes. PLoS Comput Biol 5(1):e1000276
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
    |NUP145 |NUP84 |NUP85 |SEC13 |SEH1
    Other Features
    Protein/Nucleic Acid Structure
    Lezon TR, et al. (2009) Global motions of the nuclear pore complex: insights from elastic network models. PLoS Comput Biol 5(9):e1000496
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
    |NUP145 |NUP157 |NUP170 |NUP192 |NUP84 |NUP85 |SEC13 |SEH1
    Genetic Interactions
    Bennett CB, et al. (2008) Yeast Screens Identify the RNA Polymerase II CTD and SPT5 as Relevant Targets of BRCA1 Interaction. PLoS ONE 3(1):e1448
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
    |APT1 |ASM4 |ATE1 |BBC1 |BEM4 |BUR2 |CCR4 |CTK1 |DAN1 |DEF1 |DHH1 |GYP5 |HDA3 |MET18 |MORE
    Genetic Interactions
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Strains/Constructs
    Gonzalez-Aguilera C, et al. (2008) The THP1-SAC3-SUS1-CDC31 complex works in transcription elongation-mRNA export preventing RNA-mediated genome instability. Mol Biol Cell 19(10):4310-8
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |DBP5 |GLE1 |HPR1 |MEX67 |MTR4 |NAB2 |NUP133 |NUP60 |NUP84 |PAP1 |RAT1 |RRP6 |SAC3 |SUB2 |MORE
    Genetic Interactions
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Strains/Constructs
    Hung NJ, et al. (2008) Arx1 Is a Nuclear Export Receptor for the 60S Ribosomal Subunit in Yeast. Mol Biol Cell 19(2):735-44
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ARX1 |CRM1 |GLE2 |MEX67 |MTR2 |NIC96 |NMD3 |NSP1 |NUP100 |NUP116 |NUP133 |NUP42 |NUP57 |NUP82 |MORE
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Strains/Constructs
    Nagai S, et al. (2008) Functional targeting of DNA damage to a nuclear pore-associated SUMO-dependent ubiquitin ligase. Science 322(5901):597-602
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ARS607 |MEC1 |NUP133 |NUP49 |NUP60 |NUP84 |SLX5 |SLX8
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Strains/Constructs
    Ruotolo R, et al. (2008) Membrane transporters and protein traffic networks differentially affecting metal tolerance: a genomic phenotyping study in yeast. Genome Biol 9(4):R67
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |AAT2 |AFT1 |ALF1 |APL5 |APL6 |APM3 |APS3 |ARO2 |BCK1 |BUB3 |CCC2 |CCR4 |CDC10 |CLC1 |MORE
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Shima J, et al. (2008) Possible roles of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase and mitochondrial function in tolerance to air-drying stress revealed by genome-wide screening of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion strains. Yeast 25(3):179-90
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ADA2 |ADK1 |ADO1 |AEP2 |AFG3 |ANP1 |APQ13 |ARF1 |ARG82 |ARV1 |ATG17 |ATP17 |BDF1 |BEM1 |MORE
    Protein-protein Interactions
    Tarassov K, et al. (2008) An in vivo map of the yeast protein interactome. Science 320(5882):1465-70
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ACT1 |ARC40 |ARP2 |ATG27 |BEM1 |CDC11 |CHC1 |DHH1 |FMP42 |GYL1 |KEL1 |KEL2 |LAS17 |LSM4 |MORE
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Thomsen R, et al. (2008) General, rapid, and transcription-dependent fragmentation of nucleolar antigens in S. cerevisiae mRNA export mutants. RNA 14(4):706-16
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ASM4 |HPR1 |HSP104 |MEX67 |MFT1 |NOP1 |NOP58 |NSR1 |NUP100 |NUP133 |NUP159 |NUP188 |NUP2 |NUP42 |MORE
    Genetic Interactions
    Strains/Constructs
    Wilmes GM, et al. (2008) A genetic interaction map of RNA-processing factors reveals links between Sem1/Dss1-containing complexes and mRNA export and splicing. Mol Cell 32(5):735-46
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |APQ12 |BRR1 |CAK1 |CBC2 |CHD1 |CSN12 |CSN9 |DBP5 |GIM4 |IST3 |ISY1 |LRP1 |MEX67 |MUD2 |MORE
    Genetic Interactions
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Protein-protein Interactions
    Strains/Constructs
    Yao W, et al. (2008) A versatile interaction platform on the Mex67-Mtr2 receptor creates an overlap between mRNA and ribosome export. EMBO J 27(1):6-16
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
    |MEX67 |MTR2 |NMD3 |NUP116 |NUP145 |NUP159 |NUP82 |NUP84 |NUP85 |SEC13 |SEH1
    Cellular Location
    Computational analysis
    Protein Physical Properties
    Protein-protein Interactions
    Protein/Nucleic Acid Structure
    Alber F, et al. (2007) Determining the architectures of macromolecular assemblies. Nature 450(7170):683-94
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ASM4 |GLE1 |GLE2 |NDC1 |NIC96 |NSP1 |NUP1 |NUP100 |NUP116 |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP157 |NUP159 |NUP170 |MORE
    Cellular Location
    Evolution
    Protein/Nucleic Acid Structure
    Alber F, et al. (2007) The molecular architecture of the nuclear pore complex. Nature 450(7170):695-701
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ASM4 |GLE1 |GLE2 |NDC1 |NIC96 |NSP1 |NUP1 |NUP100 |NUP116 |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP157 |NUP159 |NUP170 |MORE
    Large-scale phenotype analysis
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Kitagawa T, et al. (2007) Genome-Wide Analysis of Cellular Response to Bacterial Genotoxin CdtB in Yeast. Infect Immun 75(3):1393-402
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |AFT1 |ASC1 |ASF1 |BIM1 |CHL1 |CTF19 |CTF8 |DCC1 |DDC1 |DID4 |EAF1 |ELG1 |ELM1 |HUR1 |MORE
    Reviews
    Kohler A and Hurt E (2007) Exporting RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8(10):761-73
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ARC1 |ARX1 |CDC31 |CEX1 |CRM1 |DBP5 |GLE1 |GLE2 |HTZ1 |LOS1 |MEX67 |MLP1 |MLP2 |MTR2 |MORE
    Protein-protein Interactions
    Techniques and Reagents
    Oeffinger M, et al. (2007) Comprehensive analysis of diverse ribonucleoprotein complexes. Nat Methods 4(11):951-6
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ACB1 |ACT1 |ADE3 |AIM34 |ASH1 |ASM4 |BEM2 |BRR2 |BRX1 |BUD8 |CBC2 |CBF5 |CDC3 |CDC31 |MORE
    Function/Process
    Genetic Interactions
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Regulatory Role
    Strains/Constructs
    Palancade B, et al. (2007) Nucleoporins prevent DNA damage accumulation by modulating Ulp1-dependent sumoylation processes. Mol Biol Cell 18(8):2912-23
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
    |MRE11 |NUP133 |NUP60 |RAD27 |RAD50 |RAD51 |RAD52 |RAD54 |RAD55 |SLX5 |SLX8 |SRS2 |ULP1 |YKU70
    Cellular Location
    Function/Process
    Protein Sequence Features
    Protein-protein Interactions
    Patel SS, et al. (2007) Natively unfolded nucleoporins gate protein diffusion across the nuclear pore complex. Cell 129(1):83-96
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
    |GLE1 |GLE2 |KAP95 |NDC1 |NIC96 |NSP1 |NUP1 |NUP100 |NUP116 |NUP157 |NUP159 |NUP170 |NUP192 |NUP2 |MORE
    Regulatory Role
    Sarma NJ, et al. (2007) Glucose-responsive regulators of gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae function at the nuclear periphery via a reverse recruitment mechanism. Genetics 175(3):1127-35
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |GAL83 |HXK2 |MIG1 |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP84 |SEC13 |SNF1 |SNF4 |SUC2
    Reviews
    Taddei A (2007) Active genes at the nuclear pore complex. Curr Opin Cell Biol 19(3):305-310
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ASM4 |CDC31 |DBP5 |GAL1 |GFD1 |GLE1 |GLE2 |HSP104 |HTZ1 |INO1 |KAP120 |KAP122 |KAP123 |KAP95 |MORE
    Evolution
    Fungal Related Genes/Proteins
    De Hertogh B, et al. (2006) Emergence of species-specific transporters during evolution of the hemiascomycete phylum. Genetics 172(2):771-81
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference full text  
    |AAC1 |AAC3 |ACS2 |ADP1 |ADY2 |AGC1 |AGP1 |AGP2 |AGP3 |ALP1 |ALR1 |ALR2 |ANT1 |AQR1 |MORE
    Computational analysis
    Non-Fungal Related Genes/Proteins
    Protein Sequence Features
    Protein/Nucleic Acid Structure
    Strains/Constructs
    Devos D, et al. (2006) Simple fold composition and modular architecture of the nuclear pore complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(7):2172-7
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ASM4 |NDC1 |NIC96 |NSP1 |NUP1 |NUP100 |NUP116 |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP157 |NUP159 |NUP170 |NUP188 |NUP192 |MORE
    Genetic Interactions
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Strains/Constructs
    Miao M, et al. (2006) The integral membrane protein pom34p functionally links nucleoporin subcomplexes. Genetics 172(3):1441-57
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ASM4 |GLE2 |NSP1 |NUP100 |NUP116 |NUP159 |NUP170 |NUP188 |NUP2 |NUP49 |NUP57 |NUP82 |POM152 |POM34 |MORE
    Reviews
    Santangelo GM (2006) Glucose signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 70(1):253-82
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ASM4 |BCY1 |CDC25 |CDC53 |CTI6 |CYC3 |CYR1 |ESC1 |GAL1 |GAL10 |GAL4 |GAL7 |GAL83 |GCR1 |MORE
    Function/Process
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Strains/Constructs
    Therizols P, et al. (2006) Telomere tethering at the nuclear periphery is essential for efficient DNA double strand break repair in subtelomeric region. J Cell Biol 172(2):189-99
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Web Supplement  SGD Curated Comments & Errata
    |ESC1 |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP170 |NUP53 |NUP84 |SIR4 |TEL11L |YKU70
    Function/Process
    Genetic Interactions
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Strains/Constructs
    Loeillet S, et al. (2005) Genetic network interactions among replication, repair and nuclear pore deficiencies in yeast. DNA Repair (Amst) 4(4):459-68
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
    |NUP133 |NUP84 |RAD27 |RAD52
    Protein Physical Properties
    Protein-protein Interactions
    Strains/Constructs
    Lutzmann M, et al. (2005) Reconstitution of Nup157 and Nup145N into the Nup84 complex. J Biol Chem 280(18):18442-51
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |GLE2 |KAP123 |MEX67 |MLP1 |NIC96 |NSP1 |NUP116 |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP157 |NUP159 |NUP170 |NUP49 |NUP57 |MORE
    Function/Process
    Genetic Interactions
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Strains/Constructs
    Menon BB, et al. (2005) Reverse recruitment: the Nup84 nuclear pore subcomplex mediates Rap1/Gcr1/Gcr2 transcriptional activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(16):5749-54
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
    |GCN4 |GCR1 |GCR2 |KAP123 |NOP1 |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP53 |NUP84 |NUP85 |POM152 |POM34 |RAP1 |SEC13 |MORE
    Genetic Interactions
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Strains/Constructs
    Palancade B, et al. (2005) Pml39, a novel protein of the nuclear periphery required for nuclear retention of improper messenger ribonucleoparticles. Mol Biol Cell 16(11):5258-68
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |MLP1 |MLP2 |NAB2 |NUP133 |NUP157 |NUP60 |PML1 |PML39 |RRP6 |YRA1
    Fungal Related Genes/Proteins
    Bai SW, et al. (2004) The fission yeast Nup107-120 complex functionally interacts with the small GTPase Ran/Spi1 and is required for mRNA export, nuclear pore distribution, and proper cell division. Mol Cell Biol 24(14):6379-92
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |GSP1 |NUP133 |NUP84 |NUP85 |SEH1
    Fungal Related Genes/Proteins
    Chen XQ, et al. (2004) Identification of genes encoding putative nucleoporins and transport factors in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: a deletion analysis. Yeast 21(6):495-509
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |CSE1 |MLP1 |NUP133 |NUP2 |NUP53 |NUP84 |NUP85
    Protein Physical Properties
    Protein Sequence Features
    Denning DP, et al. (2003) Disorder in the nuclear pore complex: the FG repeat regions of nucleoporins are natively unfolded. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(5):2450-5
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ASM4 |CDC31 |GLE1 |GLE2 |NDC1 |NIC96 |NSP1 |NUP1 |NUP100 |NUP116 |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP157 |NUP159 |MORE
    Function/Process
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Enyenihi AH and Saunders WS (2003) Large-scale functional genomic analysis of sporulation and meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 163(1):47-54
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Web Supplement  yfgdb  
    |ADA2 |ADY2 |AKR1 |APS3 |APT1 |ARC1 |ARG82 |ARO2 |ATF1 |ATG11 |ATG15 |ATG16 |ATG5 |BPH1 |MORE
    Function/Process
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Strains/Constructs
    Gao H, et al. (2003) Nuclear accumulation of the small GTPase Gsp1p depends on nucleoporins Nup133p, Rat2p/Nup120p, Nup85p, Nic96p, and the acetyl-CoA carboxylase Acc1p. J Biol Chem 278(28):25331-40
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ACC1 |GSP1 |NIC96 |NTF2 |NUP133 |NUP85 |SRM1
    Protein-protein Interactions
    Allen NP, et al. (2002) Deciphering networks of protein interactions at the nuclear pore complex. Mol Cell Proteomics 1(12):930-46
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |CRM1 |CSE1 |GSP1 |KAP95 |MEX67 |NUP100 |NUP116 |NUP133 |NUP159 |NUP2 |NUP49 |NUP84 |NUP85 |PAB1 |MORE
    Cellular Location
    Function/Process
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Protein-protein Interactions
    Strains/Constructs
    Damelin M and Silver PA (2002) In situ analysis of spatial relationships between proteins of the nuclear pore complex. Biophys J 83(6):3626-36
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
    |NIC96 |NUP116 |NUP82
    RNA Levels and Processing
    Regulation of
    Lombardia LJ, et al. (2002) Genome-wide analysis of yeast transcription upon calcium shortage. Cell Calcium 32(2):83-91
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  Web Supplement  yfgdb  
    |ANR2 |APP1 |ARC40 |BAP3 |BDF1 |BIO4 |CDC14 |CDC24 |CDC6 |CHS6 |CIS3 |CPA1 |CPA2 |CSM3 |MORE
    Protein Physical Properties
    Protein-protein Interactions
    Protein/Nucleic Acid Structure
    Strains/Constructs
    Lutzmann M, et al. (2002) Modular self-assembly of a Y-shaped multiprotein complex from seven nucleoporins. EMBO J 21(3):387-97
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  Reference LINKOUT  
    |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP84 |NUP85 |SEC13 |SEH1
    Non-Fungal Related Genes/Proteins
    Belgareh N, et al. (2001) An evolutionarily conserved NPC subcomplex, which redistributes in part to kinetochores in mammalian cells. J Cell Biol 154(6):1147-60
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |NUP133 |NUP84
    Reviews
    Vasu SK and Forbes DJ (2001) Nuclear pores and nuclear assembly. Curr Opin Cell Biol 13(3):363-75
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |ASM4 |CDC31 |GLE1 |GLE2 |MLP1 |MLP2 |NDC1 |NIC96 |NSP1 |NUP1 |NUP100 |NUP116 |NUP133 |NUP145 |MORE
    Cellular Location
    Protein Physical Properties
    Strains/Constructs
    Techniques and Reagents
    Rout MP, et al. (2000) The yeast nuclear pore complex: composition, architecture, and transport mechanism. J Cell Biol 148(4):635-51
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |AIM4 |ASM4 |BMS1 |BUD20 |CTR9 |GLE1 |GLE2 |HAS1 |KAP120 |KAP122 |KAP123 |KAP95 |KRR1 |MEX67 |MORE
    Cellular Location
    Function/Process
    Protein-protein Interactions
    Siniossoglou S, et al. (2000) Structure and assembly of the Nup84p complex. J Cell Biol 149(1):41-54
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |NUP145 |NUP49 |NUP84 |NUP85 |SEC13 |SEH1
    Function/Process
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Strains/Constructs
    Substrates/Ligands/Cofactors
    Stage-Zimmermann T, et al. (2000) Factors affecting nuclear export of the 60S ribosomal subunit in vivo. Mol Biol Cell 11(11):3777-89
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |CRM1 |CSE1 |DBP5 |FAL1 |GLE1 |GLE2 |KAP104 |KAP120 |KAP123 |KAP95 |MEX67 |MSN5 |MTR10 |MTR2 |MORE
    Reviews
    Strasser K and Hurt E (1999) Nuclear RNA export in yeast. FEBS Lett 452(1-2):77-81
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
    |GLE1 |MEX67 |MTR10 |MTR2 |NPL3 |NSP1 |NUP145 |NUP159 |NUP82 |NUP85
    Cellular Location
    Function/Process
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Strains/Constructs
    Techniques and Reagents
    Bucci M and Wente SR (1998) A novel fluorescence-based genetic strategy identifies mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective for nuclear pore complex assembly. Mol Biol Cell 9(9):2439-61
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |GLE2 |NIC96 |NSP1 |NUP116 |NUP145 |NUP159 |NUP49 |NUP57 |NUP82 |POM152
    Non-Fungal Related Genes/Proteins
    Techniques and Reagents
    Yang Q, et al. (1998) Three-dimensional architecture of the isolated yeast nuclear pore complex: functional and evolutionary implications. Mol Cell 1(2):223-34
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |GLE1 |NIC96 |NSP1 |NUP1 |NUP100 |NUP116 |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP157 |NUP159 |NUP170 |NUP188 |NUP2 |NUP42 |MORE
    Reviews
    Fabre E and Hurt E (1997) Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 31:277-313
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
    |ACC1 |ASM4 |CBC2 |GLE1 |GLE2 |GSP1 |HRP1 |KAP104 |KAP123 |KAP95 |LOS1 |MEX67 |MTR2 |MTR3 |MORE
    Function/Process
    Saavedra CA, et al. (1997) Yeast heat shock mRNAs are exported through a distinct pathway defined by Rip1p. Genes Dev 11(21):2845-56
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |GLE1 |GSP1 |NPL3 |NUP145 |NUP159 |NUP2 |NUP42 |SSA1 |SSA4
    Cellular Location
    Protein-protein Interactions
    Teixeira MT, et al. (1997) Two functionally distinct domains generated by in vivo cleavage of Nup145p: a novel biogenesis pathway for nucleoporins. EMBO J 16(16):5086-97
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |NUP100 |NUP116 |NUP145 |NUP84 |NUP85 |SEC13 |SEH1
    Reviews
    Wente SR, et al. (1997) "The nucleus and nucleocytoplasmic transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Pp. 471-546 in The Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces: Cell Cycle and Cell Biology, edited by Pringle JR, Broach JR and Jones EW. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    SGD Papers Entry  
    |GLE1 |GLE2 |GSP1 |GSP2 |KAP95 |MTR2 |NIC96 |NPL3 |NSP1 |NTF2 |NUP1 |NUP100 |NUP116 |NUP133 |MORE
    Cell Cycle Phase Involved
    Cellular Location
    Winey M, et al. (1997) Nuclear pore complex number and distribution throughout the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle by three-dimensional reconstruction from electron micrographs of nuclear envelopes. Mol Biol Cell 8(11):2119-32
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |NIC96 |NSP1 |NUP1 |NUP100 |NUP116 |NUP133 |NUP145 |NUP157 |NUP159 |NUP170 |NUP188 |NUP2 |NUP42 |NUP49 |MORE
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Other Features
    Strains/Constructs
    Goldstein AL, et al. (1996) Pleiotropic nuclear defects associated with a conditional allele of the novel nucleoporin Rat9p/Nup85p. Mol Biol Cell 7(6):917-34
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
    |NUP133 |NUP85
    Function/Process
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Protein-protein Interactions
    Strains/Constructs
    Siniossoglou S, et al. (1996) A novel complex of nucleoporins, which includes Sec13p and a Sec13p homolog, is essential for normal nuclear pores. Cell 84(2):265-75
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  Reference LINKOUT  
    |NUP84 |NUP85 |SEC13 |SEH1
    Alias
    Cellular Location
    Fungal Related Genes/Proteins
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Protein Physical Properties
    Protein Sequence Features
    Strains/Constructs
    Aitchison JD, et al. (1995) Nup120p: a yeast nucleoporin required for NPC distribution and mRNA transport. J Cell Biol 131(6 Pt 2):1659-75
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
    |NUP133
    Alias
    Cellular Location
    Function/Process
    Genetic Interactions
    Mutants/Phenotypes
    Protein Physical Properties
    Strains/Constructs
    Heath CV, et al. (1995) Nuclear pore complex clustering and nuclear accumulation of poly(A)+ RNA associated with mutation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAT2/NUP120 gene. J Cell Biol 131(6 Pt 2):1677-97
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  
    |NUP133 |NUP159
    Reviews
    Pante N and Aebi U (1995) Toward a molecular understanding of the structure and function of the nuclear pore complex. Int Rev Cytol 162B:225-55
    SGD Papers Entry  Pubmed Entry  


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    SGDtm pages Database Copyright © 1997-2010 The Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University. Permission to use the information contained in this database was given by the researchers/institutes who contributed or published the information. Users of the database are solely responsible for compliance with any copyright restrictions, including those applying to the author abstracts. Documents from this server are provided "AS-IS" without any warranty, expressed or implied. The SGD project at Stanford University is supported by a Genome Research Resource Grant from the US National Human Genome Research Institute, part of the US National Institutes of Health.