Abstract: Mdm30p, a nucleus-encoded F-box protein which binds to the substrate for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, is involved in maintenance of fusion-competent mitochondria for various cellular functions. Recently, Mdm30p has been implicated in regulation of gene expression. However, its mode of action in gene regulation is not clearly known in vivo. With this view, we have systematically analyzed here the role of Mdm30p in regulation of transcriptional initiation, elongation, mRNA processing and export in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using a formaldehyde-based in vivo cross-linking and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay in conjunction with RT-PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. We show that Mdm30p is dispensable for formation of the preinitiation complex assembly, association of elongating RNA polymerase II, and recruitment of mRNA capping enzyme, cap-binding complex, and RNA 3'-end formation machinery at the transcriptionally active genes such as ADH1, PHO84, and RPS5. Intriguingly, we find that Mdm30p facilitates the recruitment of the transcription/export (TREX) complex at these genes. Consistently, the export of mRNAs of these genes is significantly impaired in the absence of Mdm30p as revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and RT-PCR analysis of cytoplasmic mRNA. However, such an impaired mRNA export is not dependent on mitochondrial fusion as the deletion of FZO1, an essential gene for mitochondrial fusion, does not alter the export of ADH1, PHO84 and RPS5 mRNAs. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Mdm30p selectively controls mRNA export independently of mitochondrial fusion, revealing a novel function of an F-box protein in mRNA export.