TIM50/YPL063W Summary 
| Standard Name | TIM50 1 |
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| Systematic Name | YPL063W |
| Feature Type | ORF, Verified |
| Description | Essential component of the Translocase of the Inner Mitochondrial membrane (TIM23 complex); acts as receptor for the TIM23 complex guiding incoming precursors from the TOM complex; may control the gating of the Tim23p-Tim17p channel (2, 3, 4, 5 and see Summary Paragraph) |
| Name Description | Translocase of the Inner Mitochondrial membrane |
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| View Computational GO annotations for TIM50 | |
| Molecular Function | |
| Manually curated | |
| Biological Process | |
| Manually curated | |
| Cellular Component | |
| Manually curated | |
| High-throughput |
| Classical genetics | |
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| null | |
| Large-scale survey | |
| conditional | |
| null | |
| overexpression | |
| reduction of function | |
| Resources |
| 76 total interaction(s) for 27 unique genes/features. | |
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| Genetic Interactions |
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| Localization | |
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| Phosphorylation | PhosphoGRID | PhosphoPep Database |
| Structure | |
| Homologs |
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| Last Update | Coordinates: 2011-02-03 | Sequence: 1996-07-31 | ||||||||||||
| Subfeature details |
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| S288C only | |
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| S288C vs. other species | |
| S288C vs. other strains |
| External Links | All Associated Seq | Entrez Gene | Entrez RefSeq Protein | MIPS | Search all NCBI (Entrez) | UniProtKB |
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| Primary SGDID | S000005984 |
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About mitochondrial import
While the mitochondrial genome encodes a handful of proteins, most of the hundreds of proteins that reside in the mitochondrion are encoded by nuclear genes, translated in the cytoplasm, and imported into mitochondria via a series of complex molecular machines (see 6, 7 for review). Many of the proteins imported into mitochondria are involved in respiration, which is not an essential process: S. cerevisiae is able to carry out either fermentative growth on carbon sources such as glucose, or respiratory growth on nonfermentable carbon sources such as glycerol and ethanol. However, since maintenance of the mitochondrial compartment is essential to life, mutations that completely disrupt mitochondrial import are lethal.
About the TIM23 complex
The Translocase of the Inner Mitochondrial membrane (TIM23 complex) receives proteins from the Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial membrane (TOM complex) and either directs them into the mitochondrial matrix or facilitates their integration into the mitochondrial inner membrane (reviewed in 8, 7, 9). The membrane-embedded core of the complex is composed of three essential proteins: Tim23p, Tim17p, and Tim50p. Tim23p and Tim17p, which share sequence similarity, comprise the twin-pore structure through which precursor proteins translocate. Tim23p alone has the ability to form a voltage-sensitive channel (10), but Tim17p is required in vivo for maintenance of the twin-pore architecture and for normal function of the pore (11). Tim17p also has a role in sorting incoming proteins to the mitochondrial matrix or the inner membrane (2). Tim50p interacts with precursor proteins and with Tim23p to guide precursors from the TOM complex to the TIM23 complex (3, 4). Two additional non-essential components, Tim21p and Pam17p, interact with the core of the TIM23 complex and may modulate its activity (2, 12, 13).
Proteins destined for the mitochondrial matrix require the action of a sub-complex of the TIM23 complex, known as the import motor or presequence translocase-associated motor (PAM) complex. Its catalytic component is Ssc1p, a member of the heat shock 70 protein family commonly referred to as mtHsp70, which undergoes cycles of binding and release of the precursor, hydrolyzing ATP and changing conformation in the process. The nucleotide release factor Mge1p promotes this cycle by facilitating the dissociation of ADP from Ssc1p (14, 15). Other components include Tim44p, an essential subunit that mediates the association of the core TIM23 complex with the PAM complex (16, 13); Pam18p (Tim14p), a J-protein cochaperone that stimulates the ATPase activity of Ssc1p; and Pam16p (Tim16p), a J-like protein that binds to Pam18p and regulates its activity (17). Pam17p mediates the association between Pam16p and Pam18p (18). Once imported proteins reach the mitochondrial matrix, their correct folding is facilitated by a soluble complex consisting of Ssc1p and its cochaperones Mdj1p and Mge1p (19).
A subset of proteins destined for insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane is translocated via the TIM23 complex but then inserted laterally into the inner membrane rather than entering the mitochondrial matrix. This mechanism is currently not understood in detail. The TIM23 complex adopts different conformations during the two kinds of import, but it is unclear whether this inner membrane import is accomplished by the core complex alone (Tim23p, Tim17p, and Tim50p), or by the entire TIM23 complex including the import motor subunits (8, 12).
About TIM50
Tim50p is an essential protein, highly conserved throughout evolution, with orthologs identified in other fungi as well as in human, D. melanogaster, C. elegans, and A. thaliana (1, 20). The protein is anchored in the mitochondrial inner membrane and exposes its large C-terminal domain to the intermembrane space (IMS), with the small N-terminal domain exposed to the matrix (1, 21). The IMS domain of Tim50p interacts with the Tim23p import channel and this interaction is essential for the transfer of precursors between the TOM and TIM23 complexes (1, 3, 4). Analysis of truncation mutants shows that the IMS domain by itself is sufficient for the function of the full-length protein (3). Tim50p appears to function as a receptor for the entire TIM23 complex. Tim50p can be cross-linked to all types of TIM23 complex substrates, indicating that it is involved in the translocation of precursors destined for the matrix, inner membrane, and intermembrane space (1, 20, 3). Tim50p also appears to regulate the gating of the channel formed by Tim23p; in the absence of the translocation substrates, the IMS domain of Tim50p is capable of inducing the Tim23p pore to close, thus controlling the permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane (5).
Last updated: 2009-03-17 
| 1) | Geissler A, et al. (2002) The mitochondrial presequence translocase: an essential role of Tim50 in directing preproteins to the import channel. Cell 111(4):507-18 |
| 2) | Chacinska A, et al. (2005) Mitochondrial presequence translocase: switching between TOM tethering and motor recruitment involves Tim21 and Tim17. Cell 120(6):817-29 |
| 3) | Mokranjac D, et al. (2009) Role of Tim50 in the transfer of precursor proteins from the outer to the inner membrane of mitochondria. Mol Biol Cell 20(5):1400-7 |
| 4) | Gevorkyan-Airapetov L, et al. (2009) Interaction of Tim23 with Tim50 Is Essential for Protein Translocation by the Mitochondrial TIM23 Complex. J Biol Chem 284(8):4865-72 |
| 5) | Meinecke M, et al. (2006) Tim50 maintains the permeability barrier of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Science 312(5779):1523-6 |
| 6) | Neupert W and Herrmann JM (2007) Translocation of proteins into mitochondria. Annu Rev Biochem 76:723-49 |
| 7) | Mokranjac D and Neupert W (2009) Thirty years of protein translocation into mitochondria: unexpectedly complex and still puzzling. Biochim Biophys Acta 1793(1):33-41 |
| 8) | Wagner K, et al. (2009) Protein transport machineries for precursor translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta 1793(1):52-9 |
| 9) | Bolender N, et al. (2008) Multiple pathways for sorting mitochondrial precursor proteins. EMBO Rep 9(1):42-9 |
| 10) | Truscott KN, et al. (2001) A presequence- and voltage-sensitive channel of the mitochondrial preprotein translocase formed by Tim23. Nat Struct Biol 8(12):1074-82 |
| 11) | Martinez-Caballero S, et al. (2007) Tim17p regulates the twin pore structure and voltage gating of the mitochondrial protein import complex TIM23. J Biol Chem 282(6):3584-93 |
| 12) | Popov-Celeketic D, et al. (2008) Active remodelling of the TIM23 complex during translocation of preproteins into mitochondria. EMBO J 27(10):1469-80 |
| 13) | Hutu DP, et al. (2008) Mitochondrial protein import motor: differential role of tim44 in the recruitment of pam17 and j-complex to the presequence translocase. Mol Biol Cell 19(6):2642-9 |
| 14) | Schneider HC, et al. (1996) The nucleotide exchange factor MGE exerts a key function in the ATP-dependent cycle of mt-Hsp70-Tim44 interaction driving mitochondrial protein import. EMBO J 15(21):5796-803 |
| 15) | Liu Q, et al. (2003) Regulated cycling of mitochondrial Hsp70 at the protein import channel. Science 300(5616):139-41 |
| 16) | D'Silva P, et al. (2004) Regulated interactions of mtHsp70 with Tim44 at the translocon in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Nat Struct Mol Biol 11(11):1084-91 |
| 17) | Mokranjac D, et al. (2006) Structure and function of Tim14 and Tim16, the J and J-like components of the mitochondrial protein import motor. EMBO J 25(19):4675-85 |
| 18) | van der Laan M, et al. (2005) Pam17 is required for architecture and translocation activity of the mitochondrial protein import motor. Mol Cell Biol 25(17):7449-58 |
| 19) | Kubo Y, et al. (1999) Two distinct mechanisms operate in the reactivation of heat-denatured proteins by the mitochondrial Hsp70/Mdj1p/Yge1p chaperone system. J Mol Biol 286(2):447-64 |
| 20) | Mokranjac D, et al. (2003) Tim50, a novel component of the TIM23 preprotein translocase of mitochondria. EMBO J 22(4):816-25 |
| 21) | Yamamoto H, et al. (2002) Tim50 is a subunit of the TIM23 complex that links protein translocation across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. Cell 111(4):519-28 |
