PRO1/YDR300C Summary Help

PRO1 BASIC INFORMATION

Standard Name PRO1 1
Systematic Name YDR300C
Feature Type ORF, Verified
Description Gamma-glutamyl kinase, catalyzes the first step in proline biosynthesis (2, 3 and see Summary Paragraph)
Name Description PROline requiring
GO Annotations All PRO1 GO evidence and references
    View Computational GO annotations for PRO1
Molecular Function
Manually curated
Biological Process
Manually curated
Cellular Component
High-throughput
Pathways
Mutant Phenotype All PRO1 Phenotype details and references
Classical genetics
null
Large-scale survey
null
Interactions PRO1 All interactions details and references
22 total interaction(s) for 20 unique genes/features.
Physical Interactions
  • Affinity Capture-MS: 11
  • PCA: 1
  • Two-hybrid: 2
Genetic Interactions
  • Synthetic Growth Defect: 1
  • Synthetic Lethality: 7
Sequence Information
ChrIV:1062788 to 1061502 | ORF Map | GBrowse
Note: this feature is encoded on the Crick strand.
Gbrowse
Genetic position: 187 cM
Last Update Coordinates: 2008-06-05 | Sequence: 1996-07-31
Subfeature details
Relative
Coordinates		 Chromosomal
Coordinates		 Most Recent Updates
Coordinates Sequence
CDS 1..1287 1062788..1061502 2008-06-05 1996-07-31
External Links All Associated Seq | E.C. | Entrez Gene | Entrez RefSeq Protein | MIPS | UniProtKB
Primary SGDIDS000002708

PRO1 RESOURCES

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Click on histogram for expression summary
Expression Summary histogram

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION for PRO1

SUMMARY PARAGRAPH for PRO1

Proline is a member of the glutamine family of amino acids, whose biosynthesis depends on the carbon skeleton of glutamic acid. Proline biosynthesis, shown here, occurs in the cytosol and begins with activation of glutamate, by the Pro1p gamma-glutamyl kinase (EC 2.7.2.11), to form glutamate-5-phosphate (4, 3). This unstable intermediate is subsequently converted to glutamate semialdehyde by the gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase (EC 1.2.1.41) Pro2p (4, 3). Glutamate semialdehyde spontaneously cyclizes to form delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) (4), which is then converted to proline by Pro3p, a P5C reductase (EC 1.5.1.2) (4, 5). In S. cerevisiae, the P5C reductase enzyme also catalyzes the fourth step in arginine degradation (6). Since these two pathways converge at this step, the requirement for proline in pro1 and pro2 mutant cells can be satisfied by arginine. In contrast, pro3 mutants require the addition of proline for growth (3). A unique property of all the pro mutant strains is that they cannot grow on standard YPD rich media. (3).

Many of the genes involved in S. cerevisiae amino acid biosynthesis are coregulated by a process known as the general amino acid control system. In response to starvation for any single amino acid, the expression of many biosynthetic enzymes is upregulated (7, 8). Mutational studies suggest that PRO1 and PRO2 expression is regulated by general amino acid control mediated by the transcriptional activator Gcn4p (2). However, microarray expression profiling indicates that only PRO2 is a target of Gcn4p (9). This study also shows that PRO1 expression is repressed in response to histidine starvation imposed by 3-aminotriazole (9).

In humans, the activities of Pro1p and Pro2p reside in a single enzyme, the delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase ALDH18A1 (10). Mutations in this gene lead to hyperammonemia, hypoornithinemia, hypocitrullinemia, hypoargininemia, and hypoprolinemia and may be associated with neurodegeneration, cataracts, and connective tissue diseases (OMIM) (10).

Last updated: 2005-09-21

REFERENCES CITED ON THIS PAGE [View Complete Literature Guide for PRO1]

1) Brandriss, M.  (1989) Personal Communication, Mortimer Map Edition 10
2) Li W and Brandriss MC  (1992) Proline biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: molecular analysis of the PRO1 gene, which encodes gamma-glutamyl kinase. J Bacteriol 174(12):4148-56
3) Tomenchok DM and Brandriss MC  (1987) Gene-enzyme relationships in the proline biosynthetic pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 169(12):5364-72
4) Brandriss MC  (1979) Isolation and preliminary characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proline auxotrophs. J Bacteriol 138(3):816-22
5) Brandriss MC and Falvey DA  (1992) Proline biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: analysis of the PRO3 gene, which encodes delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase. J Bacteriol 174(11):3782-8
6) Brandriss MC and Magasanik B  (1980) Proline: an essential intermediate in arginine degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 143(3):1403-10
7) Hinnebusch AG  (1988) Mechanisms of gene regulation in the general control of amino acid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Rev 52(2):248-73
8) Hinnebusch AG  (1986) The general control of amino acid biosynthetic genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. CRC Crit Rev Biochem 21(3):277-317
9) Natarajan K, et al.  (2001) Transcriptional profiling shows that Gcn4p is a master regulator of gene expression during amino acid starvation in yeast. Mol Cell Biol 21(13):4347-68
10) Aral B, et al.  (1996) Database cloning human delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) cDNA: a bifunctional enzyme catalyzing the first 2 steps in proline biosynthesis. C R Acad Sci III 319(3):171-8