HTZ1/YOL012C Summary 
| Standard Name | HTZ1 1 |
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| Systematic Name | YOL012C |
| Alias | HTA3 2 |
| Feature Type | ORF, Verified |
| Description | Histone variant H2AZ, exchanged for histone H2A in nucleosomes by the SWR1 complex; involved in transcriptional regulation through prevention of the spread of silent heterochromatin (2, 3, 4, 5 and see Summary Paragraph) |
| Name Description | Histone Two A Z1 1 |
| Gene Product Alias | H2A.F/Z 2 , H2AZ |
| Chromosomal Location | |
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| Note: this feature is encoded on the Crick strand. | |
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| View Computational GO annotations for HTZ1 | |
| Molecular Function | |
| Manually curated |
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| Biological Process | |
| Manually curated | |
| Cellular Component | |
| Manually curated |
| 1394 total interaction(s) for 559 unique genes/features. | |
| Physical Interactions |
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| Genetic Interactions |
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| Localization | |
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| Phosphorylation | PhosphoGRID | PhosphoPep Database |
| Structure | |
| Homologs |
| Note: this feature is encoded on the Crick strand. | |||||||||||||
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| Last Update | Coordinates: 2011-02-03 | Sequence: 1996-07-31 | ||||||||||||
| Subfeature details |
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| Retrieve sequences | |||||||||||||
| S288C only | |
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| S288C vs. other species | |
| S288C vs. other strains |
| External Links | All Associated Seq | Entrez Gene | Entrez RefSeq Protein | MIPS | Search all NCBI (Entrez) | UniProtKB |
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| Primary SGDID | S000005372 |
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About yeast nucleosomes...
Chromatin is composed of arrays of nucleosomes, with each nucleosome comprising an octamer formed by two copies each of the H2A-H2B and H3-H4 heterodimers (6). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, each of the canonical histones is encoded by two genes: H2A by HTA1 and HTA2, H2B by HTB1 and HTB2, H3 by HHT1 and HHT2, and H4 by HHF1 and HHF2. The eight genes are organized into four pairs of divergently-transcribed loci: HTA1-HTB1 and HTA2-HTB2, each encoding histone proteins H2A and H2B; and HHT1-HHF1 and HHT2-HHF2, each encoding histone proteins H3 and H4. As a result of this redundancy, deletion of any one histone locus does not cause lethality (7). The H3-H4 protein dimers interact via a four-helix bundle at the H3 C-termini, and the H2A-H2B dimers bind to the resulting central H3-H4 tetramer via a similar four-helix bundle interaction between the H2B and H4 C-termini (8). Approximately 150 bp of duplex DNA is wound onto the histone octamer as two turns of a negative superhelix (9). A single copy of the linker histone H1 (encoded by HHO1) binds between the superhelices at the site of DNA entry and exit. In some nucleosomes, the histone variant H2A.Z (encoded by HTZ1) is substituted for the canonical H2A in a wide, but nonrandom, genomic distribution, enriched in promoter regions as compared to coding regions (10). The positioning of nucleosomes along chromatin has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression, since the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes affects sequence accessibility (11). Nucleosomes prevent many DNA-binding proteins from approaching their sites (12, 13, 14), whereas appropriately positioned nucleosomes can bring discontiguous DNA sequences into close proximity to promote transcription (15).
Last updated: 2007-05-31 
| 1) | Santisteban MS, et al. (2000) Histone H2A.Z regulats transcription and is partially redundant with nucleosome remodeling complexes. Cell 103(3):411-22 |
| 2) | Jackson JD, et al. (1996) A likely histone H2A.F/Z variant in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Trends Biochem Sci 21(12):466-7 |
| 3) | Meneghini MD, et al. (2003) Conserved histone variant H2A.Z protects euchromatin from the ectopic spread of silent heterochromatin. Cell 112(5):725-36 |
| 4) | Krogan NJ, et al. (2003) A Snf2 family ATPase complex required for recruitment of the histone H2A variant Htz1. Mol Cell 12(6):1565-76 |
| 5) | Mizuguchi G, et al. (2004) ATP-driven exchange of histone H2AZ variant catalyzed by SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex. Science 303(5656):343-8 |
| 6) | Schafer G, et al. (2005) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae linker histone Hho1p, with two globular domains, can simultaneously bind to two four-way junction DNA molecules. Biochemistry 44(50):16766-75 |
| 7) | Dollard C, et al. (1994) SPT10 and SPT21 are required for transcription of particular histone genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 14(8):5223-8 |
| 8) | Luger K, et al. (1997) Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 A resolution. Nature 389(6648):251-60 |
| 9) | Richmond TJ and Davey CA (2003) The structure of DNA in the nucleosome core. Nature 423(6936):145-50 |
| 10) | Li B, et al. (2005) Preferential occupancy of histone variant H2AZ at inactive promoters influences local histone modifications and chromatin remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(51):18385-90 |
| 11) | Yuan GC, et al. (2005) Genome-scale identification of nucleosome positions in S. cerevisiae. Science 309(5734):626-30 |
| 12) | Anderson JD and Widom J (2000) Sequence and position-dependence of the equilibrium accessibility of nucleosomal DNA target sites. J Mol Biol 296(4):979-87 |
| 13) | Wallrath LL, et al. (1994) Architectural variations of inducible eukaryotic promoters: preset and remodeling chromatin structures. Bioessays 16(3):165-70 |
| 14) | Venter U, et al. (1994) A nucleosome precludes binding of the transcription factor Pho4 in vivo to a critical target site in the PHO5 promoter. EMBO J 13(20):4848-55 |
| 15) | Stunkel W, et al. (1997) A nucleosome positioned in the distal promoter region activates transcription of the human U6 gene. Mol Cell Biol 17(8):4397-405 |
