HHT2/YNL031C Summary

Standard Name	HHT2
Systematic Name	YNL031C
Feature Type	ORF, Verified
Description	Histone H3, core histone protein required for chromatin assembly, part of heterochromatin-mediated telomeric and HM silencing; one of two identical histone H3 proteins (see HHT1); regulated by acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and see Summary Paragraph)
Name Description	Histone H Three

Chromosomal Location	ChrXIV:576050 to 575640 \| ORF Map \| GBrowse
	Note: this feature is encoded on the Crick strand.

Gene Ontology Annotations All HHT2 GO evidence and references

	View Computational GO annotations for HHT2
Molecular Function
Manually curated	DNA binding (TAS)
Biological Process
Manually curated	chromatin assembly or disassembly (TAS) global genome nucleotide-excision repair (IMP) mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (IGI) rRNA transcription (IMP) sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore (IMP)
Cellular Component
Manually curated	nuclear nucleosome (TAS)

Mutant phenotypes All HHT2 Phenotype evidence and references

Classical genetics
conditional	mRNA accumulation: abnormal heat sensitivity: increased resistance to hydroxyurea: decreased resistance to benomyl: decreased resistance to 6-azauracil: decreased
overexpression	budding index: abnormal cell cycle progression in G2 phase: abnormal cellular morphology: abnormal resistance to Bleocin: decreased
reduction of function	Pho5p accumulation: decreased
repressible	Cbf2p-GFP distribution: abnormal
unspecified	resistance to camptothecin: decreased
Large-scale survey
null	competitive fitness: decreased haploinsufficient heat sensitivity: increased resistance to selenomethionine: increased resistance to bleomycin: increased resistance to caffeine: increased resistance to fenpropimorph: increased resistance to fluconazole: increased resistance to mycophenolic acid: increased resistance to tunicamycin: increased resistance to hydroxyurea: increased viable
overexpression	colony sectoring: increased vegetative growth: decreased
Resources	PROPHECY \| SCMD \| ScreenTroll \| Yeast Fitness Database

interactions All HHT2 Interaction evidence and references

	1006 total interaction(s) for 638 unique genes/features.
Physical Interactions	Affinity Capture-Luminescence: 16 Affinity Capture-MS: 493 Affinity Capture-RNA: 6 Affinity Capture-Western: 123 Biochemical Activity: 62 Co-crystal Structure: 3 Co-fractionation: 1 Co-localization: 8 Co-purification: 3 FRET: 1 PCA: 10 Protein-peptide: 13 Reconstituted Complex: 68
Genetic Interactions	Dosage Growth Defect: 16 Dosage Lethality: 1 Dosage Rescue: 2 Negative Genetic: 70 Phenotypic Enhancement: 11 Phenotypic Suppression: 21 Positive Genetic: 19 Synthetic Growth Defect: 30 Synthetic Lethality: 9 Synthetic Rescue: 20
Resources	BioGRID \| BOND \| BioPIXIE \| CYC2008 (complexes) \| Complexome \| DIP \| DRYGIN \| GeneMANIA \| InterologFinder \| InterologFinder

Expression Summary


Resources	Expression Summary \| Cell cycle and metabolic oscillation \| Cell cycle transcript profile \| Cyclebase \| Genevestigator \| GermOnline \| SPELL \| YMGV \| YeastFunc

Protein Information All HHT2 Protein evidence and references

Localization	YeastRC \| Organelle DB (UMich) \| YPL+ \| YeastGFP
Phosphorylation	PhosphoGRID \| PhosphoPep Database
Structure	GPMDB \| SCOP \| YeastRC
Homologs	Ashbya (AGD) \| AspGD Homologs \| CGD Homologs \| CGD Homologs \| CandidaDB Homologs \| CandidaDB Homologs \| Fungal Orthogroups Repository \| P-POD \| PDB Homologs \| PhylomeDB \| YGOB \| YOGY

sequence information

ChrXIV:576050 to 575640 | |

Note: this feature is encoded on the Crick strand.

Last Update

Coordinates: 2011-02-03 | Sequence: 1997-01-28

Subfeature details

	Relative Coordinates	Chromosomal Coordinates	Most Recent Updates
	Relative Coordinates	Chromosomal Coordinates	Coordinates	Sequence
CDS	1..411	576050..575640	2011-02-03	1997-01-28

Retrieve sequences

Analyze Sequence

S288C only	BLASTP \| ATCC/WashU Clones \| BLASTN \| Design Primers \| Restriction Fragment Map \| Restriction Fragment Sizes \| Six-Frame Translation
S288C vs. other species	Fungal Alignment \| BLASTN vs. fungi \| BLASTP at NCBI \| BLASTP at NCBI \| BLASTP vs. fungi \| Synteny Viewer
S288C vs. other strains	Strain Alignment

Resources

External Links	All Associated Seq \| Entrez Gene \| Entrez RefSeq Protein \| MIPS \| Search all NCBI (Entrez) \| UniProtKB

Primary SGDID	S000004976

SUMMARY PARAGRAPH for HHT2

About yeast nucleosomes...

Chromatin is composed of arrays of nucleosomes, with each nucleosome comprising an octamer formed by two copies each of the H2A-H2B and H3-H4 heterodimers (9). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, each of the canonical histones is encoded by two genes: H2A by HTA1 and HTA2, H2B by HTB1 and HTB2, H3 by HHT1 and HHT2, and H4 by HHF1 and HHF2. The eight genes are organized into four pairs of divergently-transcribed loci: HTA1-HTB1 and HTA2-HTB2, each encoding histone proteins H2A and H2B; and HHT1-HHF1 and HHT2-HHF2, each encoding histone proteins H3 and H4. As a result of this redundancy, deletion of any one histone locus does not cause lethality (10). The H3-H4 protein dimers interact via a four-helix bundle at the H3 C-termini, and the H2A-H2B dimers bind to the resulting central H3-H4 tetramer via a similar four-helix bundle interaction between the H2B and H4 C-termini (11). Approximately 150 bp of duplex DNA is wound onto the histone octamer as two turns of a negative superhelix (12). A single copy of the linker histone H1 (encoded by HHO1) binds between the superhelices at the site of DNA entry and exit. In some nucleosomes, the histone variant H2A.Z (encoded by HTZ1) is substituted for the canonical H2A in a wide, but nonrandom, genomic distribution, enriched in promoter regions as compared to coding regions (13). The positioning of nucleosomes along chromatin has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression, since the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes affects sequence accessibility (14). Nucleosomes prevent many DNA-binding proteins from approaching their sites (15, 16, 17), whereas appropriately positioned nucleosomes can bring discontiguous DNA sequences into close proximity to promote transcription (18).

Last updated: 2007-05-31

References cited on this page View Complete Literature Guide for HHT2

1)	Zhang W, et al. (1998) Essential and redundant functions of histone acetylation revealed by mutation of target lysines and loss of the Gcn5p acetyltransferase. EMBO J 17(11):3155-67
2)	Lo WS, et al. (2000) Phosphorylation of serine 10 in histone H3 is functionally linked in vitro and in vivo to Gcn5-mediated acetylation at lysine 14. Mol Cell 5(6):917-26
3)	Hsu JY, et al. (2000) Mitotic phosphorylation of histone H3 is governed by Ipl1/aurora kinase and Glc7/PP1 phosphatase in budding yeast and nematodes. Cell 102(3):279-91
4)	Smith MM and Andresson OS (1983) DNA sequences of yeast H3 and H4 histone genes from two non-allelic gene sets encode identical H3 and H4 proteins. J Mol Biol 169(3):663-90
5)	van Leeuwen F, et al. (2002) Dot1p modulates silencing in yeast by methylation of the nucleosome core. Cell 109(6):745-56
6)	Thompson JS, et al. (2003) Identification of a Functional Domain Within the Essential Core of Histone H3 That Is Required for Telomeric and HM Silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 163(1):447-52
7)	Krogan NJ, et al. (2003) The Paf1 complex is required for histone H3 methylation by COMPASS and Dot1p: linking transcriptional elongation to histone methylation. Mol Cell 11(3):721-9
8)	Boa S, et al. (2003) Saccharomyces cerevisiae Set1p is a methyltransferase specific for lysine 4 of histone H3 and is required for efficient gene expression. Yeast 20(9):827-35
9)	Schafer G, et al. (2005) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae linker histone Hho1p, with two globular domains, can simultaneously bind to two four-way junction DNA molecules. Biochemistry 44(50):16766-75
10)	Dollard C, et al. (1994) SPT10 and SPT21 are required for transcription of particular histone genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 14(8):5223-8
11)	Luger K, et al. (1997) Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 A resolution. Nature 389(6648):251-60
12)	Richmond TJ and Davey CA (2003) The structure of DNA in the nucleosome core. Nature 423(6936):145-50
13)	Li B, et al. (2005) Preferential occupancy of histone variant H2AZ at inactive promoters influences local histone modifications and chromatin remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(51):18385-90
14)	Yuan GC, et al. (2005) Genome-scale identification of nucleosome positions in S. cerevisiae. Science 309(5734):626-30
15)	Anderson JD and Widom J (2000) Sequence and position-dependence of the equilibrium accessibility of nucleosomal DNA target sites. J Mol Biol 296(4):979-87
16)	Wallrath LL, et al. (1994) Architectural variations of inducible eukaryotic promoters: preset and remodeling chromatin structures. Bioessays 16(3):165-70
17)	Venter U, et al. (1994) A nucleosome precludes binding of the transcription factor Pho4 in vivo to a critical target site in the PHO5 promoter. EMBO J 13(20):4848-55
18)	Stunkel W, et al. (1997) A nucleosome positioned in the distal promoter region activates transcription of the human U6 gene. Mol Cell Biol 17(8):4397-405