GSY1/YFR015C Summary Help

GSY1 BASIC INFORMATION

Standard Name GSY1
Systematic Name YFR015C
Feature Type ORF, Verified
Description Glycogen synthase with similarity to Gsy2p, the more highly expressed yeast homolog; expression induced by glucose limitation, nitrogen starvation, environmental stress, and entry into stationary phase (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and see Summary Paragraph)
Name Description Glycogen SYnthase 2
GO Annotations All GSY1 GO evidence and references
    View Computational GO annotations for GSY1
Molecular Function
Manually curated
Biological Process
Manually curated
Cellular Component
High-throughput
Pathways
Mutant Phenotype All GSY1 Phenotype details and references
Large-scale survey
null
Interactions GSY1 All interactions details and references
20 total interaction(s) for 13 unique genes/features.
Physical Interactions
  • Affinity Capture-MS: 13
  • Affinity Capture-RNA: 1
  • Two-hybrid: 3
Genetic Interactions
  • Dosage Lethality: 1
  • Synthetic Growth Defect: 1
  • Synthetic Lethality: 1
Sequence Information
ChrVI:176383 to 174257 | ORF Map | GBrowse
Note: this feature is encoded on the Crick strand.
Gbrowse
Last Update Coordinates: 2003-09-26 | Sequence: 1996-07-31
Subfeature details
Relative
Coordinates		 Chromosomal
Coordinates		 Most Recent Updates
Coordinates Sequence
CDS 1..2127 176383..174257 2003-09-26 1996-07-31
External Links All Associated Seq | E.C. | Entrez Gene | Entrez RefSeq Protein | MIPS | UniProtKB
Primary SGDIDS000001911

GSY1 RESOURCES

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Click on histogram for expression summary
Expression Summary histogram

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION for GSY1

SUMMARY PARAGRAPH for GSY1

Glycogen, a branched polymer of glucose, is a storage molecule whose accumulation is under rigorous nutritional control in many cells (6). In S. cerevisiae, glycogen biosynthesis involves three processes: nucleation, elongation, and ramification, or branching (7). GLG1 and GLG2 encode self-glucosylating glycogenin glucosyltransferases (EC:2.4.1.186) involved in glycogen nucleation (6). Both Glg1p and Glg2p are able to use UDP-glucose to produce a short alpha (1,4)-glucosyl chain covalently attached to an internal tyrosine residue (8). Glycogen synthase (EC:2.4.1.11, Gsy1p and Gsy2p) is then able to extend the linear alpha (1,4)-chains of glycogen by catalyzing the formation of alpha (1,4)-glucosidic bonds from UDP-glucose at the non-reducing ends (9). Branches can be added into the glycogen molecule by Glc3p, the glycogen branching enzyme (EC:2.4.1.18) in S. cerevisiae (10). No enzyme that releases the glycogen chain from Glg1p or Glg2p has been identified (7).

GSY1 encodes approximately 10-15% of the glycogen synthase activity in S. cerevisiae (9). Although Gsy1p appears less abundant than Gsy2p, Gsy1p levels may provide important fine tuning of glycogen synthase levels under some conditions, as suggested by the complex nature of its promoter (5). The GSY1 promoter contains multiple stress response elements (STREs), also found in the GSY2 promoter, but also includes multiple negative elements which are not found in the GSY2 promoter, such as a Mig1p binding site, a Rox1p binding site, and a novel negative cis element (5). GSY1 is induced upon glucose limitation, nitrogen limitation, stationary phase, osmotic shock, and heat shock (5). GSY1 has similarity to human glycogen synthase genes GYS1 and GYS2 (11).

Last updated: 2005-08-30

REFERENCES CITED ON THIS PAGE [View Complete Literature Guide for GSY1]

1) Parrou JL, et al.  (1999) Dynamic responses of reserve carbohydrate metabolism under carbon and nitrogen limitations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 15(3):191-203
2) Farkas I, et al.  (1990) Isolation of the GSY1 gene encoding yeast glycogen synthase and evidence for the existence of a second gene. J Biol Chem 265(34):20879-86
3) Peng ZY, et al.  (1990) Purification and characterization of glycogen synthase from a glycogen-deficient strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 265(23):13871-7
4) Ni HT and LaPorte DC  (1995) Response of a yeast glycogen synthase gene to stress. Mol Microbiol 16(6):1197-205
5) Unnikrishnan I, et al.  (2003) Multiple positive and negative elements involved in the regulation of expression of GSY1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 278(29):26450-7
6) Cheng C, et al.  (1995) Requirement of the self-glucosylating initiator proteins Glg1p and Glg2p for glycogen accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 15(12):6632-40
7) Francois J and Parrou JL  (2001) Reserve carbohydrates metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Rev 25(1):125-45
8) Mu J, et al.  (1996) Initiation of glycogen synthesis in yeast. Requirement of multiple tyrosine residues for function of the self-glucosylating Glg proteins in vivo. J Biol Chem 271(43):26554-60
9) Farkas I, et al.  (1991) Two glycogen synthase isoforms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are coded by distinct genes that are differentially controlled. J Biol Chem 266(24):15602-7
10) Thon VJ, et al.  (1992) Coordinate regulation of glycogen metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Induction of glycogen branching enzyme. J Biol Chem 267(21):15224-8
11) Hardy TA and Roach PJ  (1993) Control of yeast glycogen synthase-2 by COOH-terminal phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 268(32):23799-805