GLO1/YML004C Summary

Standard Name	GLO1
Systematic Name	YML004C
Feature Type	ORF, Verified
Description	Monomeric glyoxalase I, catalyzes the detoxification of methylglyoxal (a by-product of glycolysis) via condensation with glutathione to produce S-D-lactoylglutathione; expression regulated by methylglyoxal levels and osmotic stress (1, 2, 3, 4 and see Summary Paragraph)
Name Description	GLyOxalase 2

Chromosomal Location	ChrXIII:262685 to 261705 \| ORF Map \| GBrowse
	Note: this feature is encoded on the Crick strand.

Gene Ontology Annotations All GLO1 GO evidence and references

	View Computational GO annotations for GLO1
Molecular Function
Manually curated	lactoylglutathione lyase activity (IGI)
Biological Process
Manually curated	glutathione metabolic process (IGI) methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate (IDA)
Cellular Component
High-throughput	cytoplasm (IDA) nucleus (IDA)

Pathways	methylglyoxal catabolism

Mutant phenotypes All GLO1 Phenotype evidence and references

Classical genetics
null	4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one excretion: decreased petite resistance to methylglyoxal: decreased respiratory growth: absent viable
Large-scale survey
null	competitive fitness: decreased vacuolar morphology: abnormal viable
Resources	PROPHECY \| SCMD \| ScreenTroll \| Yeast Fitness Database

interactions All GLO1 Interaction evidence and references

	12 total interaction(s) for 10 unique genes/features.
Physical Interactions	Affinity Capture-MS: 2 Affinity Capture-RNA: 2 Biochemical Activity: 1
Genetic Interactions	Dosage Rescue: 1 Negative Genetic: 2 Phenotypic Enhancement: 1 Positive Genetic: 3
Resources	BioGRID \| BOND \| BioPIXIE \| CYC2008 (complexes) \| Complexome \| DRYGIN \| GeneMANIA \| InterologFinder

Expression Summary


Resources	Expression Summary \| Cell cycle and metabolic oscillation \| Cell cycle transcript profile \| Cyclebase \| Genevestigator \| GermOnline \| SPELL \| YMGV \| YeastFunc

Protein Information All GLO1 Protein evidence and references

Localization	YeastRC \| YPL+ \| YeastGFP
Phosphorylation	PhosphoGRID \| PhosphoPep Database
Structure	GPMDB \| SCOP \| YeastRC
Homologs	Ashbya (AGD) \| AspGD Homologs \| CGD Homologs \| CandidaDB Homologs \| Fungal Orthogroups Repository \| P-POD \| PDB Homologs \| PhylomeDB \| YGOB \| YOGY

sequence information

ChrXIII:262685 to 261705 | |

Note: this feature is encoded on the Crick strand.

Last Update

Coordinates: 1996-07-31 | Sequence: 1996-07-31

Subfeature details

	Relative Coordinates	Chromosomal Coordinates	Most Recent Updates
	Relative Coordinates	Chromosomal Coordinates	Coordinates	Sequence
CDS	1..981	262685..261705	1996-07-31	1996-07-31

Retrieve sequences

Analyze Sequence

S288C only	BLASTP \| ATCC/WashU Clones \| BLASTN \| Design Primers \| Restriction Fragment Map \| Restriction Fragment Sizes \| Six-Frame Translation
S288C vs. other species	Fungal Alignment \| BLASTN vs. fungi \| BLASTP at NCBI \| BLASTP vs. fungi \| Synteny Viewer
S288C vs. other strains	Strain Alignment

Resources

External Links	All Associated Seq \| E.C. \| Entrez Gene \| Entrez RefSeq Protein \| MIPS \| Search all NCBI (Entrez) \| UniProtKB

Primary SGDID	S000004463

SUMMARY PARAGRAPH for GLO1

GLO1 is a non-essential gene that encodes glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5), which is involved in methylglyoxal catabolism (2). Methylglyoxal is a toxic compound formed as a by-product of glycolysis. One method of methylglyoxal catabolism comprises a glyoxalase system in which methylglyoxal is condensed with glutathione by Glo1p to produce S-D-lactoylglutathione (2). This glutathione thiolester is then hydrolyzed to lactic acid and glutathione by glyoxalase II (Glo2p and Glo4p) (5). GLO1 expression is induced by methylglyoxal (4) and is specifically induced by osmotic stress in a high osmolarity glycerol (Hog1p)-mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-dependent manner (1).

Deletion of GLO1 results in hypersensitivity to methylglyoxal (2). The Glo1p homolog from Schizosaccharomyces pombe can complement the growth defects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae glo1 null mutant (6). In S. cerevisiae, glyoxalase I (Glo1p) is a monomer. Mammals, including humans, also contain a glyoxalase I enzyme, but the enzyme in these species is dimeric (7). A single nucleotide polymorphism in human glyoxylase I, GLO1, has been identified as an autism susceptibility factor (8).

Last updated: 2012-01-03

References cited on this page View Complete Literature Guide for GLO1

1)	Inoue Y, et al. (1998) Expression of the glyoxalase I gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated by high osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in osmotic stress response. J Biol Chem 273(5):2977-83
2)	Inoue Y and Kimura A (1996) Identification of the structural gene for glyoxalase I from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 271(42):25958-65
3)	Frickel EM, et al. (2001) Yeast glyoxalase I is a monomeric enzyme with two active sites. J Biol Chem 276(3):1845-9
4)	Aguilera J and Prieto JA (2004) Yeast cells display a regulatory mechanism in response to methylglyoxal. FEMS Yeast Res 4(6):633-41
5)	Bito A, et al. (1997) Identification and phenotypic analysis of two glyoxalase II encoding genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, GLO2 and GLO4, and intracellular localization of the corresponding proteins. J Biol Chem 272(34):21509-19
6)	Takatsume Y, et al. (2004) Identification of thermostable glyoxalase I in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Arch Microbiol 181(5):371-7
7)	Ridderstrom M and Mannervik B (1996) The primary structure of monomeric yeast glyoxalase I indicates a gene duplication resulting in two similar segments homologous with the subunit of dimeric human glyoxalase I. Biochem J 316 ( Pt 3):1005-6
8)	Junaid MA, et al. (2004) Proteomic studies identified a single nucleotide polymorphism in glyoxalase I as autism susceptibility factor. Am J Med Genet A 131(1):11-7