GLN1/YPR035W Summary

Standard Name	GLN1
Systematic Name	YPR035W
Feature Type	ORF, Verified
Description	Glutamine synthetase (GS); synthesizes glutamine from glutamate and ammonia; with Glt1p, forms the secondary pathway for glutamate biosynthesis from ammonia; expression regulated by nitrogen source and by amino acid limitation; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress (1, 2, 3, 4 and see Summary Paragraph)
Name Description	GLutamiNe metabolism

Chromosomal Location	ChrXVI:642208 to 643320 \| ORF Map \| GBrowse

	Genetic position: 29 cM

Gene Ontology Annotations All GLN1 GO evidence and references

	View Computational GO annotations for GLN1
Molecular Function
Manually curated	glutamate-ammonia ligase activity (IDA, IMP)
Biological Process
Manually curated	glutamine biosynthetic process (IDA)
Cellular Component
High-throughput	cytoplasm (IDA) nucleus (IDA)

Pathways	glutamine biosynthesis superpathway of glutamate biosynthesis

Mutant phenotypes All GLN1 Phenotype evidence and references

Classical genetics
reduction of function	hypoosmotic stress resistance: decreased
unspecified	auxotrophy
Large-scale survey
null	filamentous growth: decreased haploinsufficient invasive growth: absent inviable starvation resistance: decreased
reduction of function	competitive fitness: increased
Resources	PROPHECY \| SCMD \| ScreenTroll \| Yeast Fitness Database

interactions All GLN1 Interaction evidence and references

	50 total interaction(s) for 39 unique genes/features.
Physical Interactions	Affinity Capture-MS: 20 Affinity Capture-RNA: 3 Affinity Capture-Western: 2 Biochemical Activity: 4 Co-crystal Structure: 1 PCA: 1 Protein-peptide: 1 Reconstituted Complex: 6
Genetic Interactions	Negative Genetic: 8 Phenotypic Enhancement: 1 Positive Genetic: 1 Synthetic Lethality: 1 Synthetic Rescue: 1
Resources	BioGRID \| BOND \| BioPIXIE \| CYC2008 (complexes) \| Complexome \| DIP \| DRYGIN \| GeneMANIA \| InterologFinder

Expression Summary


Resources	Expression Summary \| Cell cycle and metabolic oscillation \| Cell cycle transcript profile \| Cyclebase \| Genevestigator \| GermOnline \| SPELL \| YMGV \| YeastFunc

Protein Information All GLN1 Protein evidence and references

Localization	YeastRC \| Organelle DB (UMich) \| YPL+ \| YeastGFP
Phosphorylation	PhosphoGRID \| PhosphoPep Database
Structure	GPMDB \| SCOP \| YeastRC
Homologs	Ashbya (AGD) \| AspGD Homologs \| CGD Homologs \| CandidaDB Homologs \| Fungal Orthogroups Repository \| P-POD \| PDB Homologs \| PhylomeDB \| YGOB \| YOGY

sequence information

ChrXVI:642208 to 643320 | |

: 29 cM

Last Update

Coordinates: 2011-02-03 | Sequence: 2011-02-03

Subfeature details

	Relative Coordinates	Chromosomal Coordinates	Most Recent Updates
	Relative Coordinates	Chromosomal Coordinates	Coordinates	Sequence
CDS	1..1113	642208..643320	2011-02-03	2011-02-03

Retrieve sequences

Analyze Sequence

S288C only	BLASTP \| ATCC/WashU Clones \| BLASTN \| Design Primers \| Restriction Fragment Map \| Restriction Fragment Sizes \| Six-Frame Translation
S288C vs. other species	Fungal Alignment \| BLASTN vs. fungi \| BLASTP at NCBI \| BLASTP vs. fungi \| Synteny Viewer
S288C vs. other strains	Strain Alignment

Resources

External Links	All Associated Seq \| E.C. \| Entrez Gene \| Entrez RefSeq Protein \| MIPS \| Search all NCBI (Entrez) \| UniProtKB

Primary SGDID	S000006239

SUMMARY PARAGRAPH for GLN1

About glutamate biosynthesis from glutamine

Yeast cells contain 3 pathways for the synthesis of glutamate. Two pathways are mediated by two isoforms of glutamate dehydrogenase, encoded by GDH1 and GDH3 (5, 6). The third pathway is driven by the combined activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase, encoded by GLN1 and GLT1, respectively (2, 7). Gln1p catalyzes amination of glutamate to form glutamine; Glt1p then transfers the amide group of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate, generating two molecules of glutamate. Glutamate synthase, also referred to as GOGAT, is a trimer of three Glt1p subunits. Expression of the GLT1 gene is modulated by glutamate-mediated repression and by Gln3p/Gcn4p-mediated activation, depending upon the availability of nitrogen and glutamate in the medium. In amino acid starvation conditions, GLT1 expression is activated to a moderate degree by Gcn4p (8).

Last updated: 2007-10-04

References cited on this page View Complete Literature Guide for GLN1

1)	ter Schure EG, et al. (1998) Repression of nitrogen catabolic genes by ammonia and glutamine in nitrogen-limited continuous cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology 144 ( Pt 5)():1451-62
2)	Benjamin PM, et al. (1989) Three regulatory systems control expression of glutamine synthetase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the level of transcription. Mol Gen Genet 217(2-3):370-7
3)	Magasanik B (1992) "Regulation of Nitrogen Utilization." Pp. 283-317 in the Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces: Gene Expression,
4)	Tkach JM, et al. (2012) Dissecting DNA damage response pathways by analysing protein localization and abundance changes during DNA replication stress. Nat Cell Biol 14(9):966-76
5)	Moye WS, et al. (1985) Nucleotide sequence of yeast GDH1 encoding nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 260(14):8502-8
6)	Avendano A, et al. (1997) GDH3 encodes a glutamate dehydrogenase isozyme, a previously unrecognized route for glutamate biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 179(17):5594-7
7)	Filetici P, et al. (1996) Sequence of the GLT1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals the domain structure of yeast glutamate synthase. Yeast 12(13):1359-66
8)	Valenzuela L, et al. (1998) Regulation of expression of GLT1, the gene encoding glutamate synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 180(14):3533-40