FTR1/YER145C Summary Help

Standard Name FTR1
Systematic Name YER145C
Feature Type ORF, Verified
Description High affinity iron permease; involved in the transport of iron across the plasma membrane; forms complex with Fet3p; expression is regulated by iron; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress (1, 2, 3 and see Summary Paragraph)
Name Description Fe TRansporter
Chromosomal Location
ChrV:461740 to 460526 | ORF Map | GBrowse
Note: this feature is encoded on the Crick strand.
Gbrowse
Gene Ontology Annotations All FTR1 GO evidence and references
  View Computational GO annotations for FTR1
Molecular Function
Manually curated
Biological Process
Manually curated
Cellular Component
Manually curated
High-throughput
Mutant phenotypes All FTR1 Phenotype evidence and references
Classical genetics
null
overexpression
Large-scale survey
null
overexpression
Resources
interactions All FTR1 Interaction evidence and references
74 total interaction(s) for 64 unique genes/features.
Physical Interactions
  • Affinity Capture-MS: 4
  • Affinity Capture-RNA: 1
  • Affinity Capture-Western: 2
  • FRET: 1
  • PCA: 27
  • Two-hybrid: 1
Genetic Interactions
  • Dosage Growth Defect: 3
  • Dosage Lethality: 1
  • Negative Genetic: 21
  • Positive Genetic: 5
  • Synthetic Growth Defect: 7
  • Synthetic Rescue: 1
Resources
Expression Summary
histogram
Resources
Protein Information All FTR1 Protein evidence and references
Localization
Phosphorylation PhosphoGRID | PhosphoPep Database
Structure
Homologs
sequence information
ChrV:461740 to 460526 | ORF Map | GBrowse
Note: this feature is encoded on the Crick strand.
SGD ORF map
Last Update Coordinates: 2011-02-03 | Sequence: 1996-07-31
Subfeature details
Relative
Coordinates		 Chromosomal
Coordinates		 Most Recent Updates
Coordinates Sequence
CDS 1..1215 461740..460526 2011-02-03 1996-07-31
Retrieve sequences
Analyze Sequence
S288C only
S288C vs. other species
S288C vs. other strains
Resources
External Links All Associated Seq | Entrez Gene | Entrez RefSeq Protein | MIPS | Search all NCBI (Entrez) | UniProtKB
Primary SGDIDS000000947
SUMMARY PARAGRAPH for FTR1

Fet3p and Ftr1p comprise the cell-surface (4, 5, 6) high-affinity iron uptake system (7, 1) which imports iron when it is present in low concentrations. Fet3p is a multicopper ferroxidase (4, 5, 6, 8) that receives iron(II) ions from cell-surface iron reductases such as Fre1p and Fre2p and passes iron(III) ions to the iron permease Ftr1p (1). S. cerevisiae is also capable of acquiring iron via a low-affinity uptake system (Fet4p) or via bacterial siderophores.

For proper cell-surface targeting, the Fet3p-Ftr1p complex must be assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum (9). Without Fet3p, Ftr1p is retained in the ER (1). Without Ftr1p, Fet3p proceeds as far as the Golgi apparatus, but is misglycosylated and recycled back to the ER (10). Fet3p acquires copper, which is necessary for its oxidase activity (5, 6), from Ccc2p in a post-Golgi compartment (5, 11, 12, 13). Copper acquisition requires genes involved in vacuolar assembly (13) (including TFP1 (14) and VPS41 (12)) and the presence of chloride as an allosteric effector, not as a counter-charge (15).

Transcription of FET3 and FTR1 is inhibited by high iron and induced under conditions of low iron (5, 6, 16, 17) or low oxygen (17, 18, 19). FET3 and FTR1 are induced by Aft1p (1, 11, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24) and Aft2p (24), which are inhibited by a signal from mitochondrial iron-sulfur clusters, not cytosolic iron (25, 26). In mutants lacking the yeast frataxin homolog Yfh1p, iron accumulates in the mitochondria and FET3 and FTR1 are induced 10- to 50-fold (27). Independent of iron levels, FET3 and FTR1 are induced under glucose depletion by Aft1p (28); Snf4p and Snf1p are required. Copper also induces transcription of FET3 and FTR1 via Aft1p (23), and FET3 is induced by chloroquine (29).

Exposure to high iron initiates the degradation of the Fet3p-Ftr1p complex. In high iron, Ftr1p becomes hyperubiquitinated, and the complex is targeted to the vacuole via endocytosis. Degradation requires iron to be transported through Ftr1p; the presence of iron in the cytosol is not sufficient (30).

fet3 mutants exhibit several phenotypes which can be suppressed by growing the cells in high iron. Among them are: deficient growth in low iron (6), on ethanol (indicating a defect in respiration) (5), on galactose/raffinose (31), at alkaline pH (32), or at pH7 in minimal media (14). fet3 mutants are sensitive to copper (33, 34, 35) and other transition metals (35); the cell compensates for deletion of FET3 by increasing expression of FET4, which imports other transition metals promiscuously (35).

Fet3p is homologous to two human proteins. Ceruloplasmin (CP) (OMIM) is a soluble protein highly expressed in liver and found in serum; deficiency of CP causes a pleiotropic condition called aceruloplasminemia (OMIM). Hephaestin (OMIM) is an X-linked gene found primarily at the tips of intestinal villi. Human hephaestin complements deletion of FET3 (36), as does C. albicans FET3 (37). A truncated, soluble form of Fet3p is blue in color (38) and complements deletion of ceruloplasmin in mice (39). Coordinate expression in S. cerevisiae of both fio1+ and fip1+ from S. pombe, the homologs of FET3 and FTR1, respectively, complements deletion of FET3, indicating that fio1+ is a functional homolog of Fet3p but is incapable of interacting with Ftr1p (16).

Either CaFTR1 or CaFTR2 from C. albicans complements deletion of FTR1 (40), as does a homolog from Rhizopus oryzae (41).

Last updated: 2005-07-27

References cited on this page View Complete Literature Guide for FTR1
1) Stearman R, et al.  (1996) A permease-oxidase complex involved in high-affinity iron uptake in yeast. Science 271(5255):1552-7
2) Eide DJ  (1998) The molecular biology of metal ion transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Annu Rev Nutr 18:441-69
3) Tkach JM, et al.  (2012) Dissecting DNA damage response pathways by analysing protein localization and abundance changes during DNA replication stress. Nat Cell Biol 14(9):966-76
4) De Silva DM, et al.  (1995) The FET3 gene product required for high affinity iron transport in yeast is a cell surface ferroxidase. J Biol Chem 270(3):1098-101
5) Yuan DS, et al.  (1995) The Menkes/Wilson disease gene homologue in yeast provides copper to a ceruloplasmin-like oxidase required for iron uptake. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(7):2632-6
6) Askwith C, et al.  (1994) The FET3 gene of S. cerevisiae encodes a multicopper oxidase required for ferrous iron uptake. Cell 76(2):403-10
7) Dix DR, et al.  (1994) The FET4 gene encodes the low affinity Fe(II) transport protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 269(42):26092-9
8) de Silva D, et al.  (1997) Purification and characterization of Fet3 protein, a yeast homologue of ceruloplasmin. J Biol Chem 272(22):14208-13
9) Wang TP, et al.  (2003) Targeted suppression of the ferroxidase and iron trafficking activities of the multicopper oxidase Fet3p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Inorg Chem 8(6):611-20
10) Sato M, et al.  (2004) Endoplasmic reticulum quality control of unassembled iron transporter depends on Rer1p-mediated retrieval from the golgi. Mol Biol Cell 15(3):1417-24
11) Lin SJ, et al.  (1997) A role for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATX1 gene in copper trafficking and iron transport. J Biol Chem 272(14):9215-20
12) Radisky DC, et al.  (1997) Characterization of VPS41, a gene required for vacuolar trafficking and high-affinity iron transport in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94(11):5662-6
13) Yuan DS, et al.  (1997) Restriction of copper export in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a late Golgi or post-Golgi compartment in the secretory pathway. J Biol Chem 272(41):25787-93
14) Gaxiola RA, et al.  (1998) The yeast CLC chloride channel functions in cation homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(7):4046-50
15) Davis-Kaplan SR, et al.  (1998) Chloride is an allosteric effector of copper assembly for the yeast multicopper oxidase Fet3p: an unexpected role for intracellular chloride channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(23):13641-5
16) Askwith C and Kaplan J  (1997) An oxidase-permease-based iron transport system in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and its expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 272(1):401-5
17) Hassett RF, et al.  (1998) Regulation of high affinity iron uptake in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Role of dioxygen and Fe. J Biol Chem 273(13):7628-36
18) Vasconcelles MJ, et al.  (2001) Identification and characterization of a low oxygen response element involved in the hypoxic induction of a family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes. Implications for the conservation of oxygen sensing in eukaryotes. J Biol Chem 276(17):14374-84
19) Jensen LT and Culotta VC  (2002) Regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae FET4 by oxygen and iron. J Mol Biol 318(2):251-60
20) Yamaguchi-Iwai Y, et al.  (1995) AFT1: a mediator of iron regulated transcriptional control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J 14(6):1231-9
21) Yamaguchi-Iwai Y, et al.  (1996) Iron-regulated DNA binding by the AFT1 protein controls the iron regulon in yeast. EMBO J 15(13):3377-84
22) Casas C, et al.  (1997) The AFT1 transcriptional factor is differentially required for expression of high-affinity iron uptake genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 13(7):621-37
23) Gross C, et al.  (2000) Identification of the copper regulon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by DNA microarrays. J Biol Chem 275(41):32310-6
24) Rutherford JC, et al.  (2003) Aft1p and Aft2p mediate iron-responsive gene expression in yeast through related promoter elements. J Biol Chem 278(30):27636-43
25) Chen OS, et al.  (2004) Transcription of the yeast iron regulon does not respond directly to iron but rather to iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 279(28):29513-8
26) Rutherford JC, et al.  (2005) Activation of the iron regulon by the yeast Aft1/Aft2 transcription factors depends on mitochondrial but not cytosolic iron-sulfur protein biogenesis. J Biol Chem 280(11):10135-40
27) Babcock M, et al.  (1997) Regulation of mitochondrial iron accumulation by Yfh1p, a putative homolog of frataxin. Science 276(5319):1709-12
28) Haurie V, et al.  (2003) The Snf1 protein kinase controls the induction of genes of the iron uptake pathway at the diauxic shift in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 278(46):45391-6
29) Emerson LR, et al.  (2002) Relationship between chloroquine toxicity and iron acquisition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46(3):787-96
30) Felice MR, et al.  (2005) Post-transcriptional regulation of the yeast high affinity iron transport system. J Biol Chem 280(23):22181-90
31) Southron JL, et al.  (2004) Complementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ccc2 mutant by a putative P1B-ATPase from Brassica napus supports a copper-transporting function. FEBS Lett 566(1-3):218-22
32) Serrano R, et al.  (2004) Copper and iron are the limiting factors for growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in an alkaline environment. J Biol Chem 279(19):19698-704
33) Shi X, et al.  (2003) Fre1p Cu2+ reduction and Fet3p Cu1+ oxidation modulate copper toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 278(50):50309-15
34) Szczypka MS, et al.  (1997) Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants altered in vacuole function are defective in copper detoxification and iron-responsive gene transcription. Yeast 13(15):1423-35
35) Li L and Kaplan J  (1998) Defects in the yeast high affinity iron transport system result in increased metal sensitivity because of the increased expression of transporters with a broad transition metal specificity. J Biol Chem 273(35):22181-7
36) Li L, et al.  (2003) Functional studies of hephaestin in yeast: evidence for multicopper oxidase activity in the endocytic pathway. Biochem J 375(Pt 3):793-8
37) Eck R, et al.  (1999) A multicopper oxidase gene from Candida albicans: cloning, characterization and disruption. Microbiology 145 ( Pt 9):2415-22
38) Hassett RF, et al.  (1998) Spectral and kinetic properties of the Fet3 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a multinuclear copper ferroxidase enzyme. J Biol Chem 273(36):23274-82
39) Harris ZL, et al.  (2004) A fungal multicopper oxidase restores iron homeostasis in aceruloplasminemia. Blood 103(12):4672-3
40) Ramanan N and Wang Y  (2000) A high-affinity iron permease essential for Candida albicans virulence. Science 288(5468):1062-4
41) Fu Y, et al.  (2004) Cloning and functional characterization of the Rhizopus oryzae high affinity iron permease (rFTR1) gene. FEMS Microbiol Lett 235(1):169-76