ALD3/YMR169C Summary Help

ALD3 BASIC INFORMATION

Standard Name ALD3
Systematic Name YMR169C
Feature Type ORF, Verified
Description Cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase, involved in beta-alanine synthesis; uses NAD+ as the preferred coenzyme; very similar to Ald2p; expression is induced by stress and repressed by glucose (1, 2 and see Summary Paragraph)
Name Description ALdehyde Dehydrogenase
GO Annotations All ALD3 GO evidence and references
    View Computational GO annotations for ALD3
Molecular Function
Manually curated
Biological Process
Manually curated
Cellular Component
Manually curated
Pathways
Mutant Phenotype All ALD3 Phenotype details and references
Large-scale survey
null
Interactions ALD3 All interactions details and references
3 total interaction(s) for 2 unique genes/features.
Physical Interactions
  • Affinity Capture-MS: 1
  • Affinity Capture-RNA: 1
Genetic Interactions
  • Phenotypic Enhancement: 1
Sequence Information
ChrXIII:600871 to 599351 | ORF Map | GBrowse
Note: this feature is encoded on the Crick strand.
Gbrowse
Last Update Coordinates: 1996-07-31 | Sequence: 1996-07-31
Subfeature details
Relative
Coordinates		 Chromosomal
Coordinates		 Most Recent Updates
Coordinates Sequence
CDS 1..1521 600871..599351 1996-07-31 1996-07-31
External Links All Associated Seq | E.C. | Entrez Gene | Entrez RefSeq Protein | MIPS | UniProtKB
Primary SGDIDS000004779

ALD3 RESOURCES

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Click on histogram for expression summary
Expression Summary histogram

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION for ALD3

SUMMARY PARAGRAPH for ALD3

Aldehyde dehydrogenases play a critical role in the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetyl-CoA during growth on non-fermentable carbon sources and in the breakdown of toxic aldehydes accumulated under stress conditions (3). Acetaldehyde arises during the metabolism of pyruvate to acetate by the cytoplasmic pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass (PDH) pathway, which involves the enzymatic activities pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC6, PDC5, PDC1), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALD6), and acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS1, ACS2) (4). In an alternate mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass pathway, pyruvate is first decarboxylated to acetaldehyde in the cytosol by pyruvate decarboxylase and is then converted to acetate by the mitochondrial acetaldehyde dehydrogenases (ALD4 and ALD5) (5).

In the yeast genome, there are five genes known to encode aldehyde dehydrogenases, as well as an additional gene with sequence similarity. Ald2p and Ald3p are cytosolic enzymes which use only NAD+ as cofactor. Both genes are induced in response to ethanol or stress and repressed by glucose. Ald4p and Ald5p are mitochondrial, use NAD and NADP as cofactors, and are K+ dependent. Ald4p, the major isoform, is glucose repressed and ald4 mutants do not grow on ethanol, while Ald5p, the minor isoform, is constitutively expressed (6, 7). ALD6 encodes the Mg2+ activated cytosolic enzyme, which uses NADP+ as cofactor and is constitutively expressed. HFD1 has been predicted to encode a fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (1, 8, 5, 9).

Aldehyde dehydrogenases are conserved across many species and are key enzymes in metabolic pathways, some of which function to detoxify harmful chemical intermediates. In humans, mutations in aldehyde dehydrogenase genes (ALDH1, ALDH2, ALDH4 and ALDH10) are associated with alcoholism and carcinogenesis. In plants, these enzymes play important roles in fertility and in fruit ripening (1 and references therein).

Last updated: 2009-08-14

REFERENCES CITED ON THIS PAGE [View Complete Literature Guide for ALD3]

1) Navarro-Avino JP, et al.  (1999) A proposal for nomenclature of aldehyde dehydrogenases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterization of the stress-inducible ALD2 and ALD3 genes. Yeast 15(10A):829-42
2) White WH, et al.  (2003) Specialization of function among aldehyde dehydrogenases: the ALD2 and ALD3 genes are required for beta-alanine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 163(1):69-77
3) Aranda A and del Olmo Ml M  (2003) Response to acetaldehyde stress in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves a strain-dependent regulation of several ALD genes and is mediated by the general stress response pathway. Yeast 20(8):747-59
4) Boubekeur S, et al.  (1999) A mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 274(30):21044-8
5) Boubekeur S, et al.  (2001) Participation of acetaldehyde dehydrogenases in ethanol and pyruvate metabolism of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur J Biochem 268(19):5057-65
6) Wang X, et al.  (1998) Molecular cloning, characterization, and potential roles of cytosolic and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases in ethanol metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 180(4):822-30
7) Tessier WD, et al.  (1998) Identification and disruption of the gene encoding the K(+)-activated acetaldehyde dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 164(1):29-34
8) Kurita O and Nishida Y  (1999) Involvement of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase ALD5 in maintenance of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 181(2):281-7
9) Zahedi RP, et al.  (2006) Proteomic analysis of the yeast mitochondrial outer membrane reveals accumulation of a subclass of preproteins. Mol Biol Cell 17(3):1436-50