ELP3/YPL086C Summary 
| Standard Name | ELP3 1 |
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| Systematic Name | YPL086C |
| Alias | HPA1 , TOT3 2 , KTI8 3 |
| Feature Type | ORF, Verified |
| Description | Subunit of Elongator complex, which is required for modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA; exhibits histone acetyltransferase activity that is directed to histones H3 and H4; disruption confers resistance to K. lactis zymotoxin (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and see Summary Paragraph) |
| Name Description | ELongator Protein |
| Gene Product Alias | KAT9 8 |
| Chromosomal Location | |
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| Note: this feature is encoded on the Crick strand. | |
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| View Computational GO annotations for ELP3 | |
| Molecular Function | |
| Manually curated | |
| Biological Process | |
| Manually curated | |
| Cellular Component | |
| Manually curated |
| 551 total interaction(s) for 305 unique genes/features. | |
| Physical Interactions |
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| Genetic Interactions |
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| Localization | |
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| Phosphorylation | PhosphoGRID | PhosphoPep Database |
| Structure | |
| Homologs |
| Note: this feature is encoded on the Crick strand. | |||||||||||||
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| Last Update | Coordinates: 2011-02-03 | Sequence: 1996-07-31 | ||||||||||||
| Subfeature details |
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| S288C only | |
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| S288C vs. other species | |
| S288C vs. other strains |
| External Links | All Associated Seq | E.C. | Entrez Gene | Entrez RefSeq Protein | MIPS | Search all NCBI (Entrez) | UniProtKB |
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| Primary SGDID | S000006007 |
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ELP3 encodes a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that is part of the six-subunit Elongator complex, which is a major component of the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme responsible for transcriptional elongation (1, 2, 4). Elongator contains two discrete subcomplexes, one consisting of Iki3p/Elp1p, Elp2p, and Elp3p, and the other consisting of Elp4p, Iki1p/Elp5p, and Elp6p (9, 10). Elongator binds to both naked and nucleosomal DNA, can acetylate both core histones and nucleosomal substrates, and plays a role in chromatin remodeling (11, 5). Its activity is directed specifically toward the amino-terminal tails of histone H3 and H4, with the predominant acetylation sites being lysine-14 of histone H3 and lysine-8 of histone H4 (5). Besides its role as a HAT, Elp3p assists subunit communication within Elongator by mediating the protein-protein interactions of Elp2p-Kti12p, Elp2p-Iki1p/Elp5p, Elp2p-Iki3p/Elp1p, and Kti12p-Iki1p/Elp5p (12).
Of the six Elongator subunits, only Iki1p/Elp5p is essential for growth, and deletion of the other individual subunits causes significantly altered mRNA expression levels for many genes (10). Cells lacking Elp3p experience hypoacetylation of histones H3 and H4 in chromatin (5, 13), whereas cells lacking both Gcn5p and Elp3p exhibit derepression of subtelomerically-located genes, suggesting a spread of Sir3p into subtelomeric DNA from the tip of the telomere (14). Disruption of ELP3 also confers resistance to the Kluyveromyces lactis zymotoxin (6), and a reduced sensitivity to the Pichia inositovora toxin (15).
Last updated: 2004-05-06 
| 1) | Wittschieben BO, et al. (1999) A novel histone acetyltransferase is an integral subunit of elongating RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. Mol Cell 4(1):123-8 |
| 2) | Frohloff F, et al. (2001) Saccharomyces cerevisiae Elongator mutations confer resistance to the Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin. EMBO J 20(8):1993-2003 |
| 3) | Butler AR, et al. (1994) Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes which control sensitivity to G1 arrest induced by Kluyveromyces lactis toxin. Mol Cell Biol 14(9):6306-16 |
| 4) | Jablonowski D, et al. (2001) Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin mode of action is linked to RNA polymerase II function via Elongator. Mol Microbiol 42(4):1095-105 |
| 5) | Winkler GS, et al. (2002) Elongator is a histone H3 and H4 acetyltransferase important for normal histone acetylation levels in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(6):3517-22 |
| 6) | Frohloff F, et al. (2003) Subunit communications crucial for the functional integrity of the yeast RNA polymerase II elongator (gamma-toxin target (TOT)) complex. J Biol Chem 278(2):956-61 |
| 7) | Esberg A, et al. (2006) Elevated levels of two tRNA species bypass the requirement for elongator complex in transcription and exocytosis. Mol Cell 24(1):139-48 |
| 8) | Allis CD, et al. (2007) New nomenclature for chromatin-modifying enzymes. Cell 131(4):633-6 |
| 9) | Winkler GS, et al. (2001) RNA polymerase II elongator holoenzyme is composed of two discrete subcomplexes. J Biol Chem 276(35):32743-9 |
| 10) | Krogan NJ and Greenblatt JF (2001) Characterization of a six-subunit holo-elongator complex required for the regulated expression of a group of genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 21(23):8203-12 |
| 11) | Wittschieben BO, et al. (2000) Overlapping roles for the histone acetyltransferase activities of SAGA and elongator in vivo. EMBO J 19(12):3060-8 |
| 12) | Fichtner L, et al. (2002) Protein interactions within Saccharomyces cerevisiae Elongator, a complex essential for Kluyveromyces lactis zymocicity. Mol Microbiol 45(3):817-26 |
| 13) | Kristjuhan A, et al. (2002) Transcriptional inhibition of genes with severe histone h3 hypoacetylation in the coding region. Mol Cell 10(4):925-33 |
| 14) | Kristjuhan A, et al. (2003) Spreading of Sir3 protein in cells with severe histone H3 hypoacetylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(13):7551-6 |
| 15) | Klassen R and Meinhardt F (2003) Structural and functional analysis of the killer element pPin1-3 from Pichia inositovora. Mol Genet Genomics 270(2):190-9 |
