HOG1/YLR113W Summary Help

HOG1 BASIC INFORMATION

Standard Name HOG1 1
Systematic Name YLR113W
Alias SSK3 2
Feature Type ORF, Verified
Description Mitogen-activated protein kinase involved in osmoregulation via three independent osmosensors; mediates the recruitment and activation of RNA Pol II at Hot1p-dependent promoters; localization regulated by Ptp2p and Ptp3p (1, 3, 4, 5 and see Summary Paragraph)
Name Description High Osmolarity Glycerol response 1
GO Annotations All HOG1 GO evidence and references
    View Computational GO annotations for HOG1
Molecular Function
Manually curated
Biological Process
Manually curated
Cellular Component
Manually curated
High-throughput
Mutant Phenotype All HOG1 Phenotype details and references
Classical genetics
conditional
null
Large-scale survey
null
Interactions HOG1 All interactions details and references
170 total interaction(s) for 104 unique genes/features.
Physical Interactions
  • Affinity Capture-MS: 9
  • Affinity Capture-Western: 40
  • Biochemical Activity: 14
  • Co-localization: 2
  • PCA: 1
  • Reconstituted Complex: 5
  • Two-hybrid: 10
Genetic Interactions
  • Dosage Rescue: 6
  • Phenotypic Enhancement: 18
  • Phenotypic Suppression: 10
  • Synthetic Growth Defect: 8
  • Synthetic Lethality: 25
  • Synthetic Rescue: 22
Sequence Information
ChrXII:371621 to 372928 | ORF Map | GBrowse
Gbrowse
Last Update Coordinates: 1996-07-31 | Sequence: 1996-07-31
Subfeature details
Relative
Coordinates		 Chromosomal
Coordinates		 Most Recent Updates
Coordinates Sequence
CDS 1..1308 371621..372928 1996-07-31 1996-07-31
External Links All Associated Seq | E.C. | Entrez Gene | Entrez RefSeq Protein | MIPS | UniProtKB
Primary SGDIDS000004103

HOG1 RESOURCES

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  • Functional Analysis

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Expression Summary histogram

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION for HOG1

SUMMARY PARAGRAPH for HOG1

Hog1p is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) integral to the osmoregulatory signal transduction cascade (HOG signaling pathway) which affects gene expression, G1 and G2 cell cycle progression, and cellular ion levels in response to hyperosmotic stress (1 and a comprehensive review of the HOG pathway can be found in 6). Loss of Hog1p activity results in reduced growth on high osmolarity media, abnormal cell and budding morphology, and osmolarity-induced activation of the pheromone response pathway (1, 7). Constitutive activation of Hog1p has been shown to be lethal (8). HOG1 is the yeast homolog of the mammalian MAPK p38, which is involved in the inflammatory and stress responses (9, 10).

Shortly after S. cerevisiae cells are exposed to hyperosmotic stress, Hog1p is phosphorylated on Thr174 and Tyr176 by the MAPKK Pbs2p (1). Activation of Hog1p leads to its Nmd5p-dependent nuclear import (11). After the cell has equilibrated to the hyperosmotic environment, Hog1p is dephosphorylated by the phosphatases Ptc1p, Ptc2p, Ptc3p, Ptp2p, and Ptp3p (12, 13, 3) and then exported from the nucleus by the karyopherin, Crm1p (11).

Nuclear-localized Hog1p mediates the upregulation of nearly 600 genes by phosphorylating osmoresponsive transcription factors, such as Msn2p/Msn4p, Sko1p, Hot1p, and Smp1p (reviewed in 6 and 14). Phosphorylation of target proteins can lead to the recruitment of other transcription factors that enlist the transcription machinery, but Hog1p has been shown to directly recruit Pol II as well (5, 15). Interaction between Hog1p and the histone deactylase Rpd3p targets the Rpd3p/Sin3p/Sap30p complex to the promoters of osmotic stress genes, resulting in chromatin modification and transcription initiation (16). Additional non-transcription factor targets of Hog1p include the Na+/H+ antiporter Nha1p; the potassium channel Tok1p; the cell cycle regulators Sic1p and Hsl1p; the osmosensor Sho1p; and the protein kinase regulator Ste50p (17, 18, 19, 20, 21).

Last updated: 2010-01-04

REFERENCES CITED ON THIS PAGE [View Complete Literature Guide for HOG1]

1) Brewster JL, et al.  (1993) An osmosensing signal transduction pathway in yeast. Science 259(5102):1760-3
2) Maeda T, et al.  (1994) A two-component system that regulates an osmosensing MAP kinase cascade in yeast. Nature 369(6477):242-5
3) Mattison CP and Ota IM  (2000) Two protein tyrosine phosphatases, Ptp2 and Ptp3, modulate the subcellular localization of the Hog1 MAP kinase in yeast. Genes Dev 14(10):1229-35
4) O'Rourke SM and Herskowitz I  (2002) A third osmosensing branch in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the Msb2 protein and functions in parallel with the Sho1 branch. Mol Cell Biol 22(13):4739-49
5) Alepuz PM, et al.  (2003) Osmostress-induced transcription by Hot1 depends on a Hog1-mediated recruitment of the RNA Pol II. EMBO J 22(10):2433-42
6) Westfall PJ, et al.  (2004) When the stress of your environment makes you go HOG wild. Science 306(5701):1511-2
7) O'Rourke SM and Herskowitz I  (1998) The Hog1 MAPK prevents cross talk between the HOG and pheromone response MAPK pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev 12(18):2874-86
8) Wurgler-Murphy SM, et al.  (1997) Regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HOG1 mitogen-activated protein kinase by the PTP2 and PTP3 protein tyrosine phosphatases. Mol Cell Biol 17(3):1289-97
9) Han J, et al.  (1994) A MAP kinase targeted by endotoxin and hyperosmolarity in mammalian cells. Science 265(5173):808-11
10) Raingeaud J, et al.  (1995) Pro-inflammatory cytokines and environmental stress cause p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by dual phosphorylation on tyrosine and threonine. J Biol Chem 270(13):7420-6
11) Ferrigno P, et al.  (1998) Regulated nucleo/cytoplasmic exchange of HOG1 MAPK requires the importin beta homologs NMD5 and XPO1. EMBO J 17(19):5606-14
12) Warmka J, et al.  (2001) Ptc1, a type 2C Ser/Thr phosphatase, inactivates the HOG pathway by dephosphorylating the mitogen-activated protein kinase Hog1. Mol Cell Biol 21(1):51-60
13) Young C, et al.  (2002) Role of Ptc2 type 2C Ser/Thr phosphatase in yeast high-osmolarity glycerol pathway inactivation. Eukaryot Cell 1(6):1032-40
14) Hohmann S  (2002) Osmotic stress signaling and osmoadaptation in yeasts. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 66(2):300-72
15) Proft M and Struhl K  (2002) Hog1 kinase converts the Sko1-Cyc8-Tup1 repressor complex into an activator that recruits SAGA and SWI/SNF in response to osmotic stress. Mol Cell 9(6):1307-17
16) De Nadal E, et al.  (2004) The MAPK Hog1 recruits Rpd3 histone deacetylase to activate osmoresponsive genes. Nature 427(6972):370-4
17) Proft M and Struhl K  (2004) MAP kinase-mediated stress relief that precedes and regulates the timing of transcriptional induction. Cell 118(3):351-61
18) Escote X, et al.  (2004) Hog1 mediates cell-cycle arrest in G1 phase by the dual targeting of Sic1. Nat Cell Biol 6(10):997-1002
19) Clotet J, et al.  (2006) Phosphorylation of Hsl1 by Hog1 leads to a G2 arrest essential for cell survival at high osmolarity. EMBO J 25(11):2338-46
20) Hao N, et al.  (2007) A systems-biology analysis of feedback inhibition in the Sho1 osmotic-stress-response pathway. Curr Biol 17(8):659-67
21) Hao N, et al.  (2008) Control of MAPK specificity by feedback phosphorylation of shared adaptor protein ste50. J Biol Chem 283(49):33798-802