KRS1/YDR037W Summary

Standard Name	KRS1
Systematic Name	YDR037W
Alias	GCD5
Feature Type	ORF, Verified
Description	Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (1 and see Summary Paragraph)
Name Description	Lysyl (K) tRNA Synthetase
Gene Product Alias	lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1

Chromosomal Location	ChrIV:525440 to 527215 \| ORF Map \| GBrowse

Gene Ontology Annotations All KRS1 GO evidence and references

	View Computational GO annotations for KRS1
Molecular Function
Manually curated	lysine-tRNA ligase activity (IDA, IMP)
Biological Process
Manually curated	lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation (IDA, IMP)
Cellular Component
Manually curated	cytoplasm (IDA)

Mutant phenotypes All KRS1 Phenotype evidence and references

Large-scale survey
null	haploinsufficient inviable starvation resistance: decreased
overexpression	vegetative growth: decreased rate
reduction of function	competitive fitness: decreased resistance to methyl methanesulfonate: decreased telomere length: decreased
Resources	PROPHECY \| SCMD \| ScreenTroll \| Yeast Fitness Database

interactions All KRS1 Interaction evidence and references

	99 total interaction(s) for 88 unique genes/features.
Physical Interactions	Affinity Capture-MS: 18 Affinity Capture-RNA: 4 Biochemical Activity: 4
Genetic Interactions	Negative Genetic: 57 Phenotypic Enhancement: 1 Positive Genetic: 10 Synthetic Growth Defect: 1 Synthetic Lethality: 3 Synthetic Rescue: 1
Resources	BioGRID \| BOND \| BioPIXIE \| CYC2008 (complexes) \| Complexome \| DIP \| DRYGIN \| GeneMANIA \| InterologFinder

Expression Summary


Resources	Expression Summary \| Cell cycle and metabolic oscillation \| Cell cycle transcript profile \| Cyclebase \| Genevestigator \| GermOnline \| SPELL \| YMGV \| YeastFunc

Protein Information All KRS1 Protein evidence and references

Localization	Organelle DB (UMich) \| YPL+ \| YeastGFP
Phosphorylation	PhosphoGRID \| PhosphoPep Database
Structure	GPMDB \| SCOP \| YeastRC
Homologs	Ashbya (AGD) \| AspGD Homologs \| CGD Homologs \| CandidaDB Homologs \| Fungal Orthogroups Repository \| P-POD \| PDB Homologs \| PhylomeDB \| YGOB \| YOGY

sequence information

ChrIV:525440 to 527215 | |

Last Update

Coordinates: 2011-02-03 | Sequence: 1996-07-31

Subfeature details

	Relative Coordinates	Chromosomal Coordinates	Most Recent Updates
	Relative Coordinates	Chromosomal Coordinates	Coordinates	Sequence
CDS	1..1776	525440..527215	2011-02-03	1996-07-31

Retrieve sequences

Analyze Sequence

S288C only	BLASTP \| ATCC/WashU Clones \| BLASTN \| Design Primers \| Restriction Fragment Map \| Restriction Fragment Sizes \| Six-Frame Translation
S288C vs. other species	Fungal Alignment \| BLASTN vs. fungi \| BLASTP at NCBI \| BLASTP vs. fungi \| Synteny Viewer
S288C vs. other strains	Strain Alignment

Resources

External Links	All Associated Seq \| E.C. \| Entrez Gene \| Entrez RefSeq Protein \| MIPS \| Search all NCBI (Entrez) \| UniProtKB

Primary SGDID	S000002444

SUMMARY PARAGRAPH for KRS1

KRS1 encodes cytoplasmic lysyl-tRNA synthetase (1), the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase specific for lysine. A second lysyl-tRNA synthetase, Msk1p, is localized to mitochondria. Both the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes are required for the import of nuclear encoded tRNA(lys)CUU into mitochondria (2).

About aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases...

In a process critical for accurate translation of the genetic code, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aka aminoacyl-tRNA ligases) attach amino acids specifically to cognate tRNAs, thereby "charging" the tRNAs. The catalysis is accomplished via a two-step mechanism. First, the synthetase activates the amino acid in an ATP-dependent reaction, producing aminoacyl-adenylate and releasing inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Second, the enzyme binds the correct tRNA and transfers the activated amino acid to either the 2' or 3' terminal hydroxyl group of the tRNA, forming the aminoacyl-tRNA and AMP (3, 4 and references therein).

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases possess precise substrate specificity and, despite their similarity in function, vary in size, primary sequence and subunit composition. Individual members of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family can be categorized in one of two classes, depending on amino acid specificity. Class I enzymes (those specific for Glu, Gln, Arg, Cys, Met, Val, Ile, Leu, Tyr and Trp) typically contain two highly conserved sequence motifs, are monomeric or dimeric, and aminoacylate at the 2' terminal hydroxyl of the appropriate tRNA. Class II enzymes (those specific for Gly, Ala, Pro, Ser, Thr, His, Asp, Asn, Lys and Phe) typically contain three highly conserved sequence motifs, are dimeric or tetrameric, and aminoacylate at the 3' terminal hydroxyl of the appropriate tRNA (3, 4, 5 and references therein).

The expression of KRS1 is under general amino acid control and a mutant was initially characterized as a negative regulator of general control of amino acid biosynthesis (6, 1). Further research demonstrated that this Krs1p mutation results in a decrease in lysyl-tRNA concentrations, which initiates a response to amino acid starvation in the cell (7).

Last updated: 2008-07-14

References cited on this page View Complete Literature Guide for KRS1

1)	Mirande M and Waller JP (1988) The yeast lysyl-tRNA synthetase gene. Evidence for general amino acid control of its expression and domain structure of the encoded protein. J Biol Chem 263(34):18443-51
2)	Tarassov I, et al. (1995) Mitochondrial import of a cytoplasmic lysine-tRNA in yeast is mediated by cooperation of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetases. EMBO J 14(14):3461-71
3)	Delarue M (1995) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Curr Opin Struct Biol 5(1):48-55
4)	Arnez JG and Moras D (1997) Structural and functional considerations of the aminoacylation reaction. Trends Biochem Sci 22(6):211-6
5)	Eriani G, et al. (1990) Partition of tRNA synthetases into two classes based on mutually exclusive sets of sequence motifs. Nature 347(6289):203-6
6)	Greenberg ML, et al. (1986) New positive and negative regulators for general control of amino acid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 6(5):1820-9
7)	Lanker S, et al. (1992) Autoregulation of the yeast lysyl-tRNA synthetase gene GCD5/KRS1 by translational and transcriptional control mechanisms. Cell 70(4):647-57