ERG9/YHR190W Summary

Standard Name	ERG9 1
Systematic Name	YHR190W
Feature Type	ORF, Verified
Description	Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase (squalene synthase), joins two farnesyl pyrophosphate moieties to form squalene in the sterol biosynthesis pathway (2, 3, 4 and see Summary Paragraph)
Name Description	ERGosterol biosynthesis 1

Chromosomal Location	ChrVIII:484845 to 486179 \| ORF Map \| GBrowse

Gene Ontology Annotations All ERG9 GO evidence and references

	View Computational GO annotations for ERG9
Molecular Function
Manually curated	farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase activity (IDA) squalene synthase activity (IDA)
Biological Process
Manually curated	ergosterol biosynthetic process (IMP)
Cellular Component
Manually curated	integral to membrane (IDA)
High-throughput	endoplasmic reticulum (IDA) mitochondrial outer membrane (IDA)

Pathways	ergosterol biosynthesis superpathway of ergosterol biosynthesis

Mutant phenotypes All ERG9 Phenotype evidence and references

Classical genetics
conditional	auxotrophy farnesol accumulation: increased squalene accumulation: decreased
Large-scale survey
conditional	heat sensitivity: increased
null	inviable vegetative growth: normal
overexpression	vegetative growth: decreased rate vegetative growth: decreased
Resources	PROPHECY \| SCMD \| ScreenTroll \| Yeast Fitness Database

interactions All ERG9 Interaction evidence and references

	43 total interaction(s) for 29 unique genes/features.
Physical Interactions	Affinity Capture-MS: 10 Affinity Capture-RNA: 2 Affinity Capture-Western: 12 PCA: 10
Genetic Interactions	Negative Genetic: 5 Phenotypic Enhancement: 2 Positive Genetic: 2
Resources	BioGRID \| BOND \| BioPIXIE \| CYC2008 (complexes) \| Complexome \| DIP \| DRYGIN \| GeneMANIA \| InterologFinder

Expression Summary


Resources	Expression Summary \| Cell cycle and metabolic oscillation \| Cell cycle transcript profile \| Cyclebase \| Genevestigator \| GermOnline \| SPELL \| YMGV \| YeastFunc

Protein Information All ERG9 Protein evidence and references

Localization	YeastRC \| Organelle DB (UMich) \| YPL+ \| YeastGFP
Phosphorylation	PhosphoGRID \| PhosphoPep Database
Structure	GPMDB \| SCOP \| YeastRC
Homologs	Ashbya (AGD) \| AspGD Homologs \| CGD Homologs \| CandidaDB Homologs \| Fungal Orthogroups Repository \| P-POD \| PDB Homologs \| PhylomeDB \| YGOB \| YOGY

sequence information

ChrVIII:484845 to 486179 | |

Last Update

Coordinates: 2005-11-07 | Sequence: 1996-07-31

Subfeature details

	Relative Coordinates	Chromosomal Coordinates	Most Recent Updates
	Relative Coordinates	Chromosomal Coordinates	Coordinates	Sequence
CDS	1..1335	484845..486179	2005-11-07	1996-07-31

Retrieve sequences

Analyze Sequence

S288C only	BLASTP \| ATCC/WashU Clones \| BLASTN \| Design Primers \| Restriction Fragment Map \| Restriction Fragment Sizes \| Six-Frame Translation
S288C vs. other species	Fungal Alignment \| BLASTN vs. fungi \| BLASTP at NCBI \| BLASTP vs. fungi \| Synteny Viewer
S288C vs. other strains	Strain Alignment

Resources

External Links	All Associated Seq \| E.C. \| Entrez Gene \| Entrez RefSeq Protein \| MIPS \| Search all NCBI (Entrez) \| UniProtKB

Primary SGDID	S000001233

SUMMARY PARAGRAPH for ERG9

ERG9 encodes farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase (also called squalene synthase), an enzyme that joins two farnesyl pyrophosphate moieties to form squalene, a reaction in the sterol biosynthesis pathway (3, 2, 4, 5, 6). erg9 null mutants lack farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase activity (2), and are ergosterol auxotrophs (7). Synthesis of polyprenols is elevated in erg9 mutants, suggesting that Erg9p may have a regulatory role (7). ERG9 expression is increased by mutations in genes encoding other sterol biosynthetic enzymes (8). The erg9 null phenotype can be complemented by expression of homolgos from S. pombe, Nicotiana benthamiana, and Yarrowia lipolytica (9, 10, 11).

Last updated: 2000-08-29

References cited on this page View Complete Literature Guide for ERG9

1)	Karst F and Lacroute F (1977) Ertosterol biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: mutants deficient in the early steps of the pathway. Mol Gen Genet 154(3):269-77
2)	Jennings SM, et al. (1991) Molecular cloning and characterization of the yeast gene for squalene synthetase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88(14):6038-42
3)	Fegueur M, et al. (1991) Isolation and primary structure of the ERG9 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encoding squalene synthetase. Curr Genet 20(5):365-72
4)	Paltauf F, et al. (1992) "Regulation and compartmentalization of lipid synthesis in yeast." Pp. 415-500 in The Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces: Gene Expression, edited by Jones EW, Pringle JR and Broach JR. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
5)	Parks LW, et al. (1995) Biochemical and physiological effects of sterol alterations in yeast--a review. Lipids 30(3):227-30
6)	Stryer L (1995) Biochemistry (4th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company
7)	Grabowska D, et al. (1998) Effect of squalene synthase gene disruption on synthesis of polyprenols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 434(3):406-8
8)	Kennedy MA, et al. (1999) Transcriptional regulation of the squalene synthase gene (ERG9) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta 1445(1):110-22
9)	Robinson GW, et al. (1993) Conservation between human and fungal squalene synthetases: similarities in structure, function, and regulation. Mol Cell Biol 13(5):2706-17
10)	Hanley KM, et al. (1996) Molecular cloning, in vitro expression and characterization of a plant squalene synthetase cDNA. Plant Mol Biol 30(6):1139-51
11)	Merkulov S, et al. (2000) Cloning and characterization of the Yarrowia lipolytica squalene synthase (SQS1) gene and functional complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae erg9 mutation. Yeast 16(3):197-206