Ontology: Biological Process (GO:0000742)

Definition: During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy.

Synonyms: karyogamy during conjugation with cellular fusion

View Ontology: (graph) | (text)

This table lists the methods used to annotate genes either directly to the term karyogamy involved in conjugation with cellular fusion (15 genes) or to its variants containing one or more qualifiers (0 genes). Note that some genes may have been annotated by more than one method so the numbers in the table below may not add up to the totals given here.

Annotation Method	GO Term	# Yeast Genes Annotated
Manually curated (download data)	karyogamy involved in conjugation with cellular fusion	15
High-throughput	none	none
Computational	none	none

Links to Additional Annotations:

• View annotations in multiple organisms using
• Search for S. cerevisiae genes annotated, by the Manually curated or High-throughput methods, to this term or to any terms that are descended from this term, i.e., child terms representing more specific biology than this term.

Annotation details for genes that have been directly annotated to the term karyogamy involved in conjugation with cellular fusion or its variants containing one or more qualifiers (NOT, contributes to, or colocalizes with).

karyogamy involved in conjugation with cellular fusion      15 genes directly annotated to this term
Locus	Evidence	Annotation Method	Reference	Assigned By
BIK1/YCL029C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-01-19	manually curated	Berlin V, et al.  (1990) BIK1, a protein required for microtubule function during mating and mitosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, colocalizes with tubulin. J Cell Biol 111(6 Pt 1):2573-86	SGD
CIK1/YMR198W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-10-18	manually curated	Page BD and Snyder M  (1992) CIK1: a developmentally regulated spindle pole body-associated protein important for microtubule functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev 6(8):1414-29	SGD
CMD1/YBR109C	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:SPC110, IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-07-18	manually curated	Okano H and Ohya Y  (2003) Binding of calmodulin to Nuf1p is required for karyogamy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Genet Genomics 269(5):649-57	SGD
FUS2/YMR232W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2009-10-07	manually curated	Elion EA, et al.  (1995) Fus2 localizes near the site of cell fusion and is required for both cell fusion and nuclear alignment during zygote formation. J Cell Biol 130(6):1283-96	SGD
GPA1/YHR005C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2009-05-04	manually curated	Zaichick SV, et al.  (2009) The mating-specific Galpha interacts with a kinesin-14 and regulates pheromone-induced nuclear migration in budding yeast. Mol Biol Cell 20(12):2820-30	SGD
JEM1/YJL073W	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction, IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-12-06	manually curated	Brizzio V, et al.  (1999) Genetic interactions between KAR7/SEC71, KAR8/JEM1, KAR5, and KAR2 during nuclear fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 10(3):609-26	SGD
KAR1/YNL188W	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction, IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-12-06	manually curated	Vallen EA, et al.  (1992) Separate domains of KAR1 mediate distinct functions in mitosis and nuclear fusion. J Cell Biol 117(6):1277-87	SGD
KAR2/YJL034W	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction, IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-12-06	manually curated	Brizzio V, et al.  (1999) Genetic interactions between KAR7/SEC71, KAR8/JEM1, KAR5, and KAR2 during nuclear fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 10(3):609-26	SGD
KAR3/YPR141C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-12-06	manually curated	Meluh PB and Rose MD  (1990) KAR3, a kinesin-related gene required for yeast nuclear fusion. Cell 60(6):1029-41	SGD
KAR4/YCL055W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-12-06	manually curated	Kurihara LJ, et al.  (1996) Kar4p, a karyogamy-specific component of the yeast pheromone response pathway. Mol Cell Biol 16(8):3990-4002	SGD
KAR5/YMR065W	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction, IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-12-06	manually curated	Brizzio V, et al.  (1999) Genetic interactions between KAR7/SEC71, KAR8/JEM1, KAR5, and KAR2 during nuclear fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 10(3):609-26	SGD
OSH3/YHR073W	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:XRN1 Assigned on 2006-11-10	manually curated	Park YU, et al.  (2002) Two-hybrid cloning and characterization of OSH3, a yeast oxysterol-binding protein homolog. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 293(2):733-40	SGD
PRM2/YIL037C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2009-08-21	manually curated	Lahav R, et al.  (2007) Role of transcription factor Kar4 in regulating downstream events in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pheromone response pathway. Mol Cell Biol 27(3):818-29	SGD
PRM3/YPL192C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-10-18	manually curated	Beilharz T, et al.  (2003) Bipartite signals mediate subcellular targeting of tail-anchored membrane proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 278(10):8219-23	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2009-03-24	manually curated	Shen S, et al.  (2009) Prm3p is a pheromone-induced peripheral nuclear envelope protein required for yeast nuclear fusion. Mol Biol Cell 20(9):2438-50	SGD
SPC110/YDR356W	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:CMD1, IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-07-18	manually curated	Okano H and Ohya Y  (2003) Binding of calmodulin to Nuf1p is required for karyogamy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Genet Genomics 269(5):649-57	SGD

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