Ontology: Biological Process (GO:0007124)

Definition: A pattern of cell growth that occurs in conditions of nitrogen limitation and abundant fermentable carbon source. Cells become elongated, switch to a unipolar budding pattern, remain physically attached to each other, and invade the growth substrate.

View Ontology: (graph) | (text)

This table lists the methods used to annotate genes either directly to the term pseudohyphal growth (55 genes) or to its variants containing one or more qualifiers (0 genes). Note that some genes may have been annotated by more than one method so the numbers in the table below may not add up to the totals given here.

Annotation Method	GO Term	# Yeast Genes Annotated
Manually curated (download data)	pseudohyphal growth	55
High-throughput	none	none
Computational	none	none

Links to Additional Annotations:

• View annotations in multiple organisms using
• Search for S. cerevisiae genes annotated, by the Manually curated or High-throughput methods, to this term or to any terms that are descended from this term, i.e., child terms representing more specific biology than this term.

Annotation details for genes that have been directly annotated to the term pseudohyphal growth or its variants containing one or more qualifiers (NOT, contributes to, or colocalizes with).

pseudohyphal growth      55 genes directly annotated to this term
Locus	Evidence	Annotation Method	Reference	Assigned By
BMH1/YER177W	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2001-08-29	manually curated	Roberts RL, et al.  (1997) 14-3-3 proteins are essential for RAS/MAPK cascade signaling during pseudohyphal development in S. cerevisiae. Cell 89(7):1055-65	SGD
BMH2/YDR099W	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2001-08-29	manually curated	Roberts RL, et al.  (1997) 14-3-3 proteins are essential for RAS/MAPK cascade signaling during pseudohyphal development in S. cerevisiae. Cell 89(7):1055-65	SGD
BUD5/YCR038C	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2001-01-18	manually curated	Lo WS, et al.  (1997) Development of pseudohyphae by embedded haploid and diploid yeast. Curr Genet 32(3):197-202	SGD
BUD8/YLR353W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	manually curated	Mosch HU and Fink GR  (1997) Dissection of filamentous growth by transposon mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 145(3):671-84	SGD
CDC39/YCR093W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-06-28	manually curated	Mosch HU and Fink GR  (1997) Dissection of filamentous growth by transposon mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 145(3):671-84	SGD
CDC42/YLR229C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	manually curated	Johnson DI  (1999) Cdc42: An essential Rho-type GTPase controlling eukaryotic cell polarity. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 63(1):54-105	SGD
DBR1/YKL149C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-06-28	manually curated	Mosch HU and Fink GR  (1997) Dissection of filamentous growth by transposon mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 145(3):671-84	SGD
DFG10/YIL049W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-09-27	manually curated	Mosch HU and Fink GR  (1997) Dissection of filamentous growth by transposon mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 145(3):671-84	SGD
DFG16/YOR030W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-06-28	manually curated	Mosch HU and Fink GR  (1997) Dissection of filamentous growth by transposon mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 145(3):671-84	SGD
DFG5/YMR238W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-10-03	manually curated	Mosch HU and Fink GR  (1997) Dissection of filamentous growth by transposon mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 145(3):671-84	SGD
DIA1/YMR316W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-02-06	manually curated	Palecek SP, et al.  (2000) Genetic analysis reveals that FLO11 upregulation and cell polarization independently regulate invasive growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 156(3):1005-23	SGD
DIA3/YDL024C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-02-06	manually curated	Palecek SP, et al.  (2000) Genetic analysis reveals that FLO11 upregulation and cell polarization independently regulate invasive growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 156(3):1005-23	SGD
DIA4/YHR011W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-02-06	manually curated	Palecek SP, et al.  (2000) Genetic analysis reveals that FLO11 upregulation and cell polarization independently regulate invasive growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 156(3):1005-23	SGD
DSE2/YHR143W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-08-31	manually curated	Doolin MT, et al.  (2001) Overlapping and distinct roles of the duplicated yeast transcription factors Ace2p and Swi5p. Mol Microbiol 40(2):422-32	SGD
ECM23/YPL021W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-09-27	manually curated	Canizares JV, et al.  (2002) The SRD2 gene is involved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae morphogenesis. Arch Microbiol 177(4):352-7	SGD
ELM1/YKL048C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	manually curated	Edgington NP, et al.  (1999) Control of Saccharomyces cerevisiae filamentous growth by cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28. Mol Cell Biol 19(2):1369-80	SGD
EMP70/YLR083C	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:TMN2 Assigned on 2008-05-12	manually curated	Froquet R, et al.  (2008) Control of Cellular Physiology by TM9 Proteins in Yeast and Dictyostelium. J Biol Chem 283(11):6764-6772	SGD
FLO11/YIR019C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-04-08	manually curated	Lambrechts MG, et al.  (1996) Muc1, a mucin-like protein that is regulated by Mss10, is critical for pseudohyphal differentiation in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(16):8419-24	SGD
GPA2/YER020W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	manually curated	Donzeau M and Bandlow W  (1999) The yeast trimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha subunit, Gpa2p, controls the meiosis-specific kinase Ime2p activity in response to nutrients. Mol Cell Biol 19(9):6110-9	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-12-03	manually curated	Lorenz MC and Heitman J  (1997) Yeast pseudohyphal growth is regulated by GPA2, a G protein alpha homolog. EMBO J 16(23):7008-18	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-11-30	manually curated	Lorenz MC, et al.  (2000) The G protein-coupled receptor gpr1 is a nutrient sensor that regulates pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 154(2):609-22	SGD
GPB1/YOR371C	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:GPB2, IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-12-03	manually curated	Harashima T and Heitman J  (2002) The Galpha protein Gpa2 controls yeast differentiation by interacting with kelch repeat proteins that mimic Gbeta subunits. Mol Cell 10(1):163-73	SGD
GPB2/YAL056W	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:GPB1, IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-12-03	manually curated	Harashima T and Heitman J  (2002) The Galpha protein Gpa2 controls yeast differentiation by interacting with kelch repeat proteins that mimic Gbeta subunits. Mol Cell 10(1):163-73	SGD
GPR1/YDL035C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-07-02	manually curated	Lorenz MC, et al.  (2000) The G protein-coupled receptor gpr1 is a nutrient sensor that regulates pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 154(2):609-22	SGD
HMS1/YOR032C	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2002-10-07	manually curated	Lorenz MC and Heitman J  (1998) Regulators of pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified through multicopy suppressor analysis in ammonium permease mutant strains. Genetics 150(4):1443-57	SGD
HMS2/YJR147W	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2002-10-07	manually curated	Lorenz MC and Heitman J  (1998) Regulators of pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified through multicopy suppressor analysis in ammonium permease mutant strains. Genetics 150(4):1443-57	SGD
IME1/YJR094C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2011-06-09	manually curated	Strudwick N, et al.  (2010) Ime1 and Ime2 Are Required for Pseudohyphal Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Nonfermentable Carbon Sources. Mol Cell Biol 30(23):5514-30	SGD
MEP2/YNL142W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-06-29	manually curated	Lorenz MC and Heitman J  (1998) The MEP2 ammonium permease regulates pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J 17(5):1236-47	SGD
NCS2/YNL119W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2004-08-11	manually curated	Goehring AS, et al.  (2003) Urmylation: a ubiquitin-like pathway that functions during invasive growth and budding in yeast. Mol Biol Cell 14(11):4329-41	SGD
NRG1/YDR043C	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:NRG2 Assigned on 2006-06-28	manually curated	Kuchin S, et al.  (2002) Snf1 protein kinase and the repressors Nrg1 and Nrg2 regulate FLO11, haploid invasive growth, and diploid pseudohyphal differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 22(12):3994-4000	SGD
NRG2/YBR066C	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:NRG1 Assigned on 2006-06-28	manually curated	Kuchin S, et al.  (2002) Snf1 protein kinase and the repressors Nrg1 and Nrg2 regulate FLO11, haploid invasive growth, and diploid pseudohyphal differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 22(12):3994-4000	SGD
OSH3/YHR073W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-11-10	manually curated	Park YU, et al.  (2002) Two-hybrid cloning and characterization of OSH3, a yeast oxysterol-binding protein homolog. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 293(2):733-40	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-11-10	manually curated	Hur HS, et al.  (2006) Characterization of Osh3, an Oxysterol-binding Protein, in Filamentous Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. J Microbiol 44(5):523-9	SGD

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