Ontology: Biological Process (GO:0042026)

Definition: The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.

Synonyms: heat shock protein activity

View Ontology: (graph) | (text)

This table lists the methods used to annotate genes either directly to the term protein refolding (16 genes) or to its variants containing one or more qualifiers (0 genes). Note that some genes may have been annotated by more than one method so the numbers in the table below may not add up to the totals given here.

Annotation Method	GO Term	# Yeast Genes Annotated
Manually curated (download data)	protein refolding	16
High-throughput	none	none
Computational (download data)	protein refolding	1

Links to Additional Annotations:

• View annotations in multiple organisms using
• Search for S. cerevisiae genes annotated, by the Manually curated or High-throughput methods, to this term or to any terms that are descended from this term, i.e., child terms representing more specific biology than this term.

Annotation details for genes that have been directly annotated to the term protein refolding or its variants containing one or more qualifiers (NOT, contributes to, or colocalizes with).

protein refolding      16 genes directly annotated to this term
Locus	Evidence	Annotation Method	Reference	Assigned By
CPR6/YLR216C	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-08-07	manually curated	Mayr C, et al.  (2000) Cpr6 and Cpr7, two closely related Hsp90-associated immunophilins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, differ in their functional properties. J Biol Chem 275(44):34140-6	SGD
CPR7/YJR032W	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-08-07	manually curated	Mayr C, et al.  (2000) Cpr6 and Cpr7, two closely related Hsp90-associated immunophilins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, differ in their functional properties. J Biol Chem 275(44):34140-6	SGD
ECM10/YEL030W	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2004-07-15	manually curated	Baumann F, et al.  (2000) Ecm10, a novel hsp70 homolog in the mitochondrial matrix of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 487(2):307-12	SGD
HSC82/YMR186W	ISS: Inferred from Sequence or structural Similarity with SGD:HSP82 Assigned on 2006-06-13	manually curated	Borkovich KA, et al.  (1989) hsp82 is an essential protein that is required in higher concentrations for growth of cells at higher temperatures. Mol Cell Biol 9(9):3919-30	SGD
HSP10/YOR020C	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay, IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-07-17	manually curated	Dubaquie Y, et al.  (1997) Significance of chaperonin 10-mediated inhibition of ATP hydrolysis by chaperonin 60. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94(17):9011-6	SGD
HSP60/YLR259C	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2008-07-17	manually curated	Dubaquie Y, et al.  (1997) Significance of chaperonin 10-mediated inhibition of ATP hydrolysis by chaperonin 60. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94(17):9011-6	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-07-16	manually curated	Martin J, et al.  (1992) Prevention of protein denaturation under heat stress by the chaperonin Hsp60. Science 258(5084):995-8	SGD
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR001844 Last Updated 2013-03-02	computational	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
HSP78/YDR258C	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay, IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2009-01-23	manually curated	Krzewska J, et al.  (2001) Importance of two ATP-binding sites for oligomerization, ATPase activity and chaperone function of mitochondrial Hsp78 protein. J Mol Biol 314(4):901-10	SGD
HSP82/YPL240C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-06-13	manually curated	Nathan DF, et al.  (1997) In vivo functions of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp90 chaperone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94(24):12949-56	SGD
MCX1/YBR227C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2009-01-23	manually curated	von Janowsky B, et al.  (2006) The disaggregation activity of the mitochondrial ClpB homolog Hsp78 maintains Hsp70 function during heat stress. J Mol Biol 357(3):793-807	SGD
MDJ1/YFL016C	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2008-06-03	manually curated	Kubo Y, et al.  (1999) Two distinct mechanisms operate in the reactivation of heat-denatured proteins by the mitochondrial Hsp70/Mdj1p/Yge1p chaperone system. J Mol Biol 286(2):447-64	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-06-03	manually curated	Rowley N, et al.  (1994) Mdj1p, a novel chaperone of the DnaJ family, is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and protein folding. Cell 77(2):249-59	SGD
MGE1/YOR232W	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2008-06-03	manually curated	Kubo Y, et al.  (1999) Two distinct mechanisms operate in the reactivation of heat-denatured proteins by the mitochondrial Hsp70/Mdj1p/Yge1p chaperone system. J Mol Biol 286(2):447-64	SGD
SSA1/YAL005C	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2008-09-11	manually curated	Needham PG and Masison DC  (2008) Prion-impairing mutations in Hsp70 chaperone Ssa1: effects on ATPase and chaperone activities. Arch Biochem Biophys 478(2):167-74	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-06-30	manually curated	Glover JR and Lindquist S  (1998) Hsp104, Hsp70, and Hsp40: a novel chaperone system that rescues previously aggregated proteins. Cell 94(1):73-82	SGD
SSC1/YJR045C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-05-30	manually curated	von Janowsky B, et al.  (2006) The disaggregation activity of the mitochondrial ClpB homolog Hsp78 maintains Hsp70 function during heat stress. J Mol Biol 357(3):793-807	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2008-06-03	manually curated	Kubo Y, et al.  (1999) Two distinct mechanisms operate in the reactivation of heat-denatured proteins by the mitochondrial Hsp70/Mdj1p/Yge1p chaperone system. J Mol Biol 286(2):447-64	SGD
SSE1/YPL106C	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-11-21	manually curated	Dragovic Z, et al.  (2006) Molecular chaperones of the Hsp110 family act as nucleotide exchange factors of Hsp70s. EMBO J 25(11):2519-28	SGD
SSE2/YBR169C	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:SSE1 Assigned on 2006-11-21	manually curated	Raviol H, et al.  (2006) Chaperone network in the yeast cytosol: Hsp110 is revealed as an Hsp70 nucleotide exchange factor. EMBO J 25(11):2510-8	SGD
YDJ1/YNL064C	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-06-30	manually curated	Glover JR and Lindquist S  (1998) Hsp104, Hsp70, and Hsp40: a novel chaperone system that rescues previously aggregated proteins. Cell 94(1):73-82	SGD

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