Ontology: Biological Process (GO:0016236)

Definition: The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies which are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Though once thought to be a purely non-selective process, it appears that some types of macroautophagy, e.g. macropexophagy, macromitophagy, may involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded.

Synonyms: autophagy in response to cellular starvation; non-specific autophagy; starvation-induced autophagy

View Ontology: (graph) | (text)

This table lists the methods used to annotate genes either directly to the term macroautophagy (25 genes) or to its variants containing one or more qualifiers (0 genes). Note that some genes may have been annotated by more than one method so the numbers in the table below may not add up to the totals given here.

Annotation Method	GO Term	# Yeast Genes Annotated
Manually curated (download data)	macroautophagy	25
High-throughput	none	none
Computational	none	none

Links to Additional Annotations:

• View annotations in multiple organisms using
• Search for S. cerevisiae genes annotated, by the Manually curated or High-throughput methods, to this term or to any terms that are descended from this term, i.e., child terms representing more specific biology than this term.

Annotation details for genes that have been directly annotated to the term macroautophagy or its variants containing one or more qualifiers (NOT, contributes to, or colocalizes with).

macroautophagy      25 genes directly annotated to this term
Locus	Evidence	Annotation Method	Reference	Assigned By
ARF1/YDL192W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-05-20	manually curated	van der Vaart A, et al.  (2010) Exit from the golgi is required for the expansion of the autophagosomal phagophore in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 21(13):2270-84	SGD
ARF2/YDL137W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-05-20	manually curated	van der Vaart A, et al.  (2010) Exit from the golgi is required for the expansion of the autophagosomal phagophore in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 21(13):2270-84	SGD
ATG10/YLL042C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-05-14	manually curated	Shintani T, et al.  (1999) Apg10p, a novel protein-conjugating enzyme essential for autophagy in yeast. EMBO J 18(19):5234-41	SGD
ATG13/YPR185W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-05-15	manually curated	Funakoshi T, et al.  (1997) Analyses of APG13 gene involved in autophagy in yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 192(2):207-13	SGD
ATG14/YBR128C	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:VPS30, IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-05-20	manually curated	Kametaka S, et al.  (1998) Apg14p and Apg6/Vps30p form a protein complex essential for autophagy in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 273(35):22284-91	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-05-30	manually curated	Kihara A, et al.  (2001) Two distinct Vps34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complexes function in autophagy and carboxypeptidase Y sorting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 152(3):519-30	SGD
ATG16/YMR159C	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2008-05-30	manually curated	Kuma A, et al.  (2002) Formation of the approximately 350-kDa Apg12-Apg5.Apg16 multimeric complex, mediated by Apg16 oligomerization, is essential for autophagy in yeast. J Biol Chem 277(21):18619-25	SGD
ATG18/YFR021W	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay, IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-05-30	manually curated	Barth H, et al.  (2001) Autophagy and the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway both require Aut10p. FEBS Lett 508(1):23-8	SGD
ATG20/YDL113C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-05-30	manually curated	Nice DC, et al.  (2002) Cooperative binding of the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway proteins, Cvt13 and Cvt20, to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate at the pre-autophagosomal structure is required for selective autophagy. J Biol Chem 277(33):30198-207	SGD
ATG21/YPL100W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-05-30	manually curated	Meiling-Wesse K, et al.  (2004) Atg21 is required for effective recruitment of Atg8 to the preautophagosomal structure during the Cvt pathway. J Biol Chem 279(36):37741-50	SGD
ATG29/YPL166W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-05-30	manually curated	Kawamata T, et al.  (2005) Characterization of a novel autophagy-specific gene, ATG29. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 338(4):1884-9	SGD
ATG5/YPL149W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-05-13	manually curated	Kametaka S, et al.  (1996) Structural and functional analyses of APG5, a gene involved in autophagy in yeast. Gene 178(1-2):139-43	SGD
ATG7/YHR171W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-05-13	manually curated	Yamazaki-Sato H, et al.  (2003) The carboxyl terminal 17 amino acids within Apg7 are essential for Apg8 lipidation, but not for Apg12 conjugation. FEBS Lett 551(1-3):71-7	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-05-13	manually curated	Tanida I, et al.  (1999) Apg7p/Cvt2p: A novel protein-activating enzyme essential for autophagy. Mol Biol Cell 10(5):1367-79	SGD
CDC48/YDL126C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-12-01	manually curated	Krick R, et al.  (2010) Cdc48/p97 and Shp1/p47 regulate autophagosome biogenesis in concert with ubiquitin-like Atg8. J Cell Biol 190(6):965-73	SGD
COG2/YGR120C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2011-02-11	manually curated	Yen WL, et al.  (2010) The conserved oligomeric Golgi complex is involved in double-membrane vesicle formation during autophagy. J Cell Biol 188(1):101-14	SGD
COG3/YER157W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2011-02-11	manually curated	Yen WL, et al.  (2010) The conserved oligomeric Golgi complex is involved in double-membrane vesicle formation during autophagy. J Cell Biol 188(1):101-14	SGD
COG4/YPR105C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2011-02-11	manually curated	Yen WL, et al.  (2010) The conserved oligomeric Golgi complex is involved in double-membrane vesicle formation during autophagy. J Cell Biol 188(1):101-14	SGD
GEA1/YJR031C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-05-20	manually curated	van der Vaart A, et al.  (2010) Exit from the golgi is required for the expansion of the autophagosomal phagophore in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 21(13):2270-84	SGD
GEA2/YEL022W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-05-20	manually curated	van der Vaart A, et al.  (2010) Exit from the golgi is required for the expansion of the autophagosomal phagophore in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 21(13):2270-84	SGD
PTC6/YCR079W	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:ATG1 Assigned on 2007-01-19	manually curated	Tal R, et al.  (2007) Aup1p, a yeast mitochondrial protein phosphatase homolog, is required for efficient stationary phase mitophagy and cell survival. J Biol Chem 282(8):5617-24	SGD
TRS130/YMR218C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-11-22	manually curated	Zou S, et al.  (2013) Trs130 participates in autophagy through GTPases Ypt31/32 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Traffic 14(2):233-46	SGD
TRS85/YDR108W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-11-30	manually curated	Meiling-Wesse K, et al.  (2005) Trs85 (Gsg1), a component of the TRAPP complexes, is required for the organization of the preautophagosomal structure during selective autophagy via the Cvt pathway. J Biol Chem 280(39):33669-78	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-11-30	manually curated	Nazarko TY, et al.  (2005) Trs85 is required for macroautophagy, pexophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole targeting in Yarrowia lipolytica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Autophagy 1(1):37-45	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-06-21	manually curated	Lynch-Day MA, et al.  (2010) Trs85 directs a Ypt1 GEF, TRAPPIII, to the phagophore to promote autophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(17):7811-6	SGD
VAC8/YEL013W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-01-25	manually curated	Cheong H, et al.  (2005) Atg17 regulates the magnitude of the autophagic response. Mol Biol Cell 16(7):3438-53	SGD
VPS15/YBR097W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-05-30	manually curated	Kihara A, et al.  (2001) Two distinct Vps34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complexes function in autophagy and carboxypeptidase Y sorting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 152(3):519-30	SGD
VPS30/YPL120W	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-05-30	manually curated	Kihara A, et al.  (2001) Two distinct Vps34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complexes function in autophagy and carboxypeptidase Y sorting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 152(3):519-30	SGD
YPT1/YFL038C	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-06-21	manually curated	Lynch-Day MA, et al.  (2010) Trs85 directs a Ypt1 GEF, TRAPPIII, to the phagophore to promote autophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(17):7811-6	SGD

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