This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2004-06-10    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
chromatin binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2010-04-29	Wang J, et al.  (2010) Ctf4p facilitates Mcm10p to promote DNA replication in budding yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 395(3):336-41	SGD
DNA binding	ISS: Inferred from Sequence or structural Similarity Assigned on 2001-01-18	Kouprina N, et al.  (1992) CTF4 (CHL15) mutants exhibit defective DNA metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 12(12):5736-47	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA repair	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2001-01-18 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Miles J and Formosa T  (1992) Evidence that POB1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein that binds to DNA polymerase alpha, acts in DNA metabolism in vivo. Mol Cell Biol 12(12):5724-35	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2001-01-18 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Kouprina N, et al.  (1992) CTF4 (CHL15) mutants exhibit defective DNA metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 12(12):5736-47	SGD
DNA replication initiation	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2011-03-15	Ma L, et al.  (2010) Identification of novel factors involved in or regulating initiation of DNA replication by a genome-wide phenotypic screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Cycle 9(21):4399-410	SGD
DNA-dependent DNA replication	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18 IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction Assigned on 2001-01-18	Miles J and Formosa T  (1992) Evidence that POB1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein that binds to DNA polymerase alpha, acts in DNA metabolism in vivo. Mol Cell Biol 12(12):5724-35	SGD
double-strand break repair via break-induced replication	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-07-09	Lydeard JR, et al.  (2010) Break-induced replication requires all essential DNA replication factors except those specific for pre-RC assembly. Genes Dev 24(11):1133-44	SGD
mitotic sister chromatid cohesion	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2004-06-10	Hanna JS, et al.  (2001) Saccharomyces cerevisiae CTF18 and CTF4 are required for sister chromatid cohesion. Mol Cell Biol 21(9):3144-58	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:CTF8 Assigned on 2005-05-13	Mayer ML, et al.  (2004) Identification of protein complexes required for efficient sister chromatid cohesion. Mol Biol Cell 15(4):1736-45	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:CTF8 Assigned on 2008-09-18	Xu H, et al.  (2007) Genetic dissection of parallel sister-chromatid cohesion pathways. Genetics 176(3):1417-29	SGD
replicative cell aging	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2003-12-17	Hoopes LL, et al.  (2002) Mutations in DNA replication genes reduce yeast life span. Mol Cell Biol 22(12):4136-46	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nuclear chromosome	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-10-01	Hanna JS, et al.  (2001) Saccharomyces cerevisiae CTF18 and CTF4 are required for sister chromatid cohesion. Mol Cell Biol 21(9):3144-58	SGD
nuclear replication fork	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2008-05-12	Lengronne A, et al.  (2006) Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion at the S. cerevisiae replication fork. Mol Cell 23(6):787-99	SGD
nucleus	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction Assigned on 2001-01-18	Miles J and Formosa T  (1992) Evidence that POB1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein that binds to DNA polymerase alpha, acts in DNA metabolism in vivo. Mol Cell Biol 12(12):5724-35	SGD
replication fork protection complex	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-08-24	Gambus A, et al.  (2006) GINS maintains association of Cdc45 with MCM in replisome progression complexes at eukaryotic DNA replication forks. Nat Cell Biol 8(4):358-66	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Cellular Component

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-12-12	Tkach JM, et al.  (2012) Dissecting DNA damage response pathways by analysing protein localization and abundance changes during DNA replication stress. Nat Cell Biol 14(9):966-76	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA replication	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0235 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nucleus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0191 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0539 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).