This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2004-08-13    Molecular Function | Biological Process

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
glutathione-disulfide reductase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2008-12-15	Seefeldt T, et al.  (2009) Characterization of a novel dithiocarbamate glutathione reductase inhibitor and its use as a tool to modulate intracellular glutathione. J Biol Chem 284(5):2729-37	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-09-30	Collinson LP and Dawes IW  (1995) Isolation, characterization and overexpression of the yeast gene, GLR1, encoding glutathione reductase. Gene 156(1):123-7	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cellular response to oxidative stress	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-09-30	Grant CM, et al.  (1996) Stationary-phase induction of GLR1 expression is mediated by the yAP-1 transcriptional regulatory protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol 22(4):739-46	SGD
protein glutathionylation	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:GRX1 Assigned on 2010-02-03	Greetham D, et al.  (2010) Thioredoxins function as deglutathionylase enzymes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Biochem 11():3	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Cellular Component

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-10-28	Huh WK, et al.  (2003) Global analysis of protein localization in budding yeast. Nature 425(6959):686-91	SGD
mitochondrion	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-12-12	Reinders J, et al.  (2006) Toward the complete yeast mitochondrial proteome: multidimensional separation techniques for mitochondrial proteomics. J Proteome Res 5(7):1543-54	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-10-28	Huh WK, et al.  (2003) Global analysis of protein localization in budding yeast. Nature 425(6959):686-91	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2004-08-13	Sickmann A, et al.  (2003) The proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(23):13207-12	SGD
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-10-28	Huh WK, et al.  (2003) Global analysis of protein localization in budding yeast. Nature 425(6959):686-91	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR016156, EBI:IPR001327, EBI:IPR006322, EBI:IPR004099 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
glutathione-disulfide reductase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006322 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with IUBMB:1.8.1.7 Last updated 2013-03-02	GOA curators and MGI curators  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping.	UniProtKB
NADP binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006322 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
oxidoreductase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR016156, EBI:IPR001327, EBI:IPR004099, EBI:IPR023753 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0560 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR012999 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cell redox homeostasis	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR004099 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
glutathione metabolic process	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006322 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
oxidation-reduction process	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR016156, EBI:IPR013027, EBI:IPR012999, EBI:IPR001327, EBI:IPR006322, EBI:IPR004099, EBI:IPR023753 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0560 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR004099 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0086 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0963 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).