This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2004-08-13    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
alanine-tRNA ligase activity	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2002-09-02 ISS: Inferred from Sequence or structural Similarity Assigned on 2002-09-02	Ripmaster TL, et al.  (1995) Wide cross-species aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase replacement in vivo: yeast cytoplasmic alanine enzyme replaced by human polymyositis serum antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(11):4932-6	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2002-09-02 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-09-02	Ripmaster TL, et al.  (1995) Wide cross-species aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase replacement in vivo: yeast cytoplasmic alanine enzyme replaced by human polymyositis serum antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(11):4932-6	SGD
mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation	IC: Inferred By Curator from mitochondrion Assigned on 2008-11-21	Huang HY, et al.  (2006) An unusual pattern of protein expression and localization of yeast alanyl-tRNA synthetase isoforms. Mol Microbiol 60(1):189-98	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2008-11-20	Huang HY, et al.  (2006) An unusual pattern of protein expression and localization of yeast alanyl-tRNA synthetase isoforms. Mol Microbiol 60(1):189-98	SGD
mitochondrion	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2008-11-20	Huang HY, et al.  (2006) An unusual pattern of protein expression and localization of yeast alanyl-tRNA synthetase isoforms. Mol Microbiol 60(1):189-98	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Cellular Component

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-05-07	Kumar A, et al.  (2002) Subcellular localization of the yeast proteome. Genes Dev 16(6):707-19	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-10-28	Huh WK, et al.  (2003) Global analysis of protein localization in budding yeast. Nature 425(6959):686-91	SGD
mitochondrion	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-12-12	Reinders J, et al.  (2006) Toward the complete yeast mitochondrial proteome: multidimensional separation techniques for mitochondrial proteomics. J Proteome Res 5(7):1543-54	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2004-08-13	Sickmann A, et al.  (2003) The proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(23):13207-12	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
alanine-tRNA ligase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR018164, EBI:IPR023033, EBI:IPR018162, EBI:IPR018165 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with IUBMB:6.1.1.7 Last updated 2013-03-02	GOA curators and MGI curators  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping.	UniProtKB
aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0030 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
ATP binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR018164, EBI:IPR012947, EBI:IPR018162, EBI:IPR018165 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0067 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
ligase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0436 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR012947 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
metal ion binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0479 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleic acid binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR003156, EBI:IPR018165 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
nucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR018164, EBI:IPR018163, EBI:IPR002318, EBI:IPR018162 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0547 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
RNA binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0694 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
tRNA binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0820 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR018164, EBI:IPR018162, EBI:IPR018165 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
translation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0648 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
tRNA aminoacylation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR012947 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR018164, EBI:IPR012947, EBI:IPR002318, EBI:IPR018162, EBI:IPR018165 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0086 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0963 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
mitochondrion	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0173 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0496 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).