This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2010-05-19    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
profilin binding	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-05-19 IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2010-05-19	Moseley JB and Goode BL  (2005) Differential activities and regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae formin proteins Bni1 and Bnr1 by Bud6. J Biol Chem 280(30):28023-33	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2010-05-18	Sagot I, et al.  (2002) An actin nucleation mechanism mediated by Bni1 and profilin. Nat Cell Biol 4(8):626-31	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
actin filament bundle assembly	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:BUD6 Assigned on 2013-05-23 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2013-05-23	Graziano BR, et al.  (2013) Ligand-induced activation of a formin-NPF pair leads to collaborative actin nucleation. J Cell Biol 201(4):595-611	SGD
actin filament bundle assembly involved in cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-05-18	Tolliday N, et al.  (2002) Rho1 directs formin-mediated actin ring assembly during budding yeast cytokinesis. Curr Biol 12(21):1864-70	SGD
actin nucleation	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-08-21	Pruyne D, et al.  (2002) Role of formins in actin assembly: nucleation and barbed-end association. Science 297(5581):612-5	SGD
barbed-end actin filament capping	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2010-05-19	Zigmond SH, et al.  (2003) Formin leaky cap allows elongation in the presence of tight capping proteins. Curr Biol 13(20):1820-3	SGD
establishment of mitotic spindle orientation	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2004-01-28	Lee L, et al.  (1999) Control of mitotic spindle position by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae formin Bni1p. J Cell Biol 144(5):947-61	SGD
formin-nucleated actin cable assembly	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2010-05-18	Sagot I, et al.  (2002) An actin nucleation mechanism mediated by Bni1 and profilin. Nat Cell Biol 4(8):626-31	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-05-18	Sagot I, et al.  (2002) Yeast formins regulate cell polarity by controlling the assembly of actin cables. Nat Cell Biol 4(1):42-50	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
actin filament	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-08-21	Pruyne D, et al.  (2002) Role of formins in actin assembly: nucleation and barbed-end association. Science 297(5581):612-5	SGD
cellular bud neck	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-08-27	Ozaki-Kuroda K, et al.  (2001) Dynamic localization and function of Bni1p at the sites of directed growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 21(3):827-39	SGD
cellular bud tip	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-08-27	Ozaki-Kuroda K, et al.  (2001) Dynamic localization and function of Bni1p at the sites of directed growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 21(3):827-39	SGD
incipient cellular bud site	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-08-27	Ozaki-Kuroda K, et al.  (2001) Dynamic localization and function of Bni1p at the sites of directed growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 21(3):827-39	SGD
mating projection tip	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-08-27	Evangelista M, et al.  (1997) Bni1p, a yeast formin linking cdc42p and the actin cytoskeleton during polarized morphogenesis. Science 276(5309):118-22	SGD
polarisome	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction with SGD:SPA2 Assigned on 2010-05-18	Fujiwara T, et al.  (1998) Rho1p-Bni1p-Spa2p interactions: implication in localization of Bni1p at the bud site and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 9(5):1221-33	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Cellular Component

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
mating projection tip	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2008-12-19	Narayanaswamy R, et al.  (2009) Systematic Definition of Protein Constituents along the Major Polarization Axis Reveals an Adaptive Reuse of the Polarization Machinery in Pheromone-Treated Budding Yeast. J Proteome Res 8(1):6-19	SGD
plasma membrane	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-04-29	Delom F, et al.  (2006) The plasma membrane proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its response to the antifungal calcofluor. Proteomics 6(10):3029-39	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
actin binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR010473, EBI:IPR010472, EBI:IPR003104 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0009 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
Rho GTPase binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR010473 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
actin cytoskeleton organization	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR010473, EBI:IPR003104 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
cellular component organization	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR010472, EBI:IPR003104 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cell projection	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0966 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
cytoplasm	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0963 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
cytoskeleton	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0090 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0206 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
membrane	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0472 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
plasma membrane	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0039 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-1003 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
ruffle membrane	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0301 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).