This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2012-10-17    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-09-26	Asturias FJ, et al.  (2006) Structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase epsilon by cryo-electron microscopy. Nat Struct Mol Biol 13(1):35-43	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-12-07	Araki H, et al.  (1992) DNA polymerase II, the probable homolog of mammalian DNA polymerase epsilon, replicates chromosomal DNA in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J 11(2):733-40	SGD
double-stranded DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-09-21	Tsubota T, et al.  (2003) Double-stranded DNA binding properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase epsilon and of the Dpb3p-Dpb4p subassembly. Genes Cells 8(11):873-88	SGD
contributes_to double-stranded DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-03-10	Tsubota T, et al.  (2006) Double-stranded DNA Binding, an Unusual Property of DNA Polymerase {epsilon}, Promotes Epigenetic Silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 281(43):32898-908	SGD
single-stranded DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-09-21	Tsubota T, et al.  (2003) Double-stranded DNA binding properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase epsilon and of the Dpb3p-Dpb4p subassembly. Genes Cells 8(11):873-88	SGD
single-stranded DNA specific 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-10-16	Morrison A, et al.  (1991) Eukaryotic DNA polymerase amino acid sequence required for 3'----5' exonuclease activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88(21):9473-7	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
base-excision repair	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-10-16	Wang Z, et al.  (1993) DNA repair synthesis during base excision repair in vitro is catalyzed by DNA polymerase epsilon and is influenced by DNA polymerases alpha and delta in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 13(2):1051-8	SGD
DNA replication proofreading	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-10-16	Morrison A, et al.  (1991) Eukaryotic DNA polymerase amino acid sequence required for 3'----5' exonuclease activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88(21):9473-7	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-09-28	Aksenova A, et al.  (2010) Mismatch Repair-Independent Increase in Spontaneous Mutagenesis in Yeast Lacking Non-Essential Subunits of DNA Polymerase epsilon. PLoS Genet 6(11):e1001209	SGD
DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-11-01	Holmes AM and Haber JE  (1999) Double-strand break repair in yeast requires both leading and lagging strand DNA polymerases. Cell 96(3):415-24	SGD
DNA-dependent DNA replication	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-09-26	Asturias FJ, et al.  (2006) Structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase epsilon by cryo-electron microscopy. Nat Struct Mol Biol 13(1):35-43	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-09-21	Tsubota T, et al.  (2003) Double-stranded DNA binding properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase epsilon and of the Dpb3p-Dpb4p subassembly. Genes Cells 8(11):873-88	SGD
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:DNL4, SGD:POL4 Assigned on 2008-09-03 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-09-03	Tseng SF, et al.  (2008) Proofreading activity of DNA polymerase Pol2 mediates 3'-end processing during nonhomologous end joining in yeast. PLoS Genet 4(4):e1000060	SGD
error-prone translesion synthesis	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-09-26	Sabouri N and Johansson E  (2009) Translesion synthesis of abasic sites by yeast DNA polymerase epsilon. J Biol Chem 284(46):31555-63	SGD
gene conversion	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-09-28	Hicks WM, et al.  (2010) Increased Mutagenesis and Unique Mutation Signature Associated with Mitotic Gene Conversion. Science 329(5987):82-85	SGD
heterochromatin organization involved in chromatin silencing	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:DPB3, SGD:DPB4 Assigned on 2012-09-25 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-09-25	Iida T and Araki H  (2004) Noncompetitive counteractions of DNA polymerase epsilon and ISW2/yCHRAC for epigenetic inheritance of telomere position effect in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 24(1):217-27	SGD
intra-S DNA damage checkpoint	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:RAD9 Assigned on 2012-10-16 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-10-16	Navas TA, et al.  (1996) RAD9 and DNA polymerase epsilon form parallel sensory branches for transducing the DNA damage checkpoint signal in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev 10(20):2632-43	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MRC1 Assigned on 2012-10-15 IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction with SGD:MRC1 Assigned on 2012-10-15	Lou H, et al.  (2008) Mrc1 and DNA polymerase epsilon function together in linking DNA replication and the S phase checkpoint. Mol Cell 32(1):106-17	SGD
leading strand elongation	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-10-17	Pursell ZF, et al.  (2007) Yeast DNA polymerase epsilon participates in leading-strand DNA replication. Science 317(5834):127-30	SGD
mitotic DNA replication checkpoint	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-09-21	Dua R, et al.  (1998) Role of the putative zinc finger domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase epsilon in DNA replication and the S/M checkpoint pathway. J Biol Chem 273(45):30046-55	SGD
mitotic sister chromatid cohesion	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-08-30	Edwards S, et al.  (2003) Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase epsilon and polymerase sigma interact physically and functionally, suggesting a role for polymerase epsilon in sister chromatid cohesion. Mol Cell Biol 23(8):2733-48	SGD
nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-10-16	Wu X, et al.  (2001) Accessibility of DNA polymerases to repair synthesis during nucleotide excision repair in yeast cell-free extracts. Nucleic Acids Res 29(14):3123-30	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
epsilon DNA polymerase complex	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-12-16	Hamatake RK, et al.  (1990) Purification and characterization of DNA polymerase II from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Identification of the catalytic core and a possible holoenzyme form of the enzyme. J Biol Chem 265(7):4072-83	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-09-25	Chilkova O, et al.  (2003) The quaternary structure of DNA polymerase epsilon from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 278(16):14082-6	SGD
replication fork	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-07-08	Hiraga S, et al.  (2005) DNA polymerases alpha, delta, and epsilon localize and function together at replication forks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Cells 10(4):297-309	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-10-15	Lou H, et al.  (2008) Mrc1 and DNA polymerase epsilon function together in linking DNA replication and the S phase checkpoint. Mol Cell 32(1):106-17	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

There are no High-throughput annotations for POL2

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0004 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
DNA binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006134 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0238 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR013697, EBI:IPR006133, EBI:IPR006172, EBI:IPR006134 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0239 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with IUBMB:2.7.7.7 Last updated 2013-03-02	GOA curators and MGI curators  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping.	UniProtKB
iron-sulfur cluster binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0411 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
metal ion binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0479 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleic acid binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR012337, EBI:IPR006172 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
nucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006172, EBI:IPR006134 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
nucleotidyltransferase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0548 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transferase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0808 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
zinc ion binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR013697 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA replication	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR013697, EBI:IPR006133, EBI:IPR006134 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0235 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006172 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nucleus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR013697 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0191 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0539 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).